Chpt. 4 study guide

Question 1

Consciousness

Answer 1

awareness of internal and external stimuli like hunger and pain

Question 2

wakefulness

Answer 2

high levels of sensory awareness, thought and behavior

Question 3

biological rhythm

Answer 3

the internal cycle of biological activity like body and temperature, the menstrual cycle

Question 4

circadian rhythm

Answer 4

biological rhythm that occurs over a 24 hour time period, main rhythm is the sleep-wake cycle

Question 5

Chronotype

Answer 5

and individuals circadian pattern of activity

Question 6

sleep-debt

Answer 6

result of insufficient sleep on a chronic basis, affects you cognitive function

Question 7

sleep rebound

Answer 7

a sleep deprived individual will take less time to fall asleep during subsequent opportunities for sleep

Question 8

Melatonin

Answer 8

regulates the sleep-wake cycle, is released when you are in darkness

Question 9

Follicle stimulating hormone

Answer 9

manages the menstrual cycle and stimulates the ovaries to produce eggs

Question 10

luteinizing hormone

Answer 10

stimulates important processes in the menstrual cycle (like hormones and regulates the length of the menstrual cycle)

Question 11

Hypothalamus (what it does in relation to the sleep cycle)

Answer 11

responsible for maintaining homeostasis

Question 12

6 brain areas involved in sleep

Answer 12

Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Pineal gland, Pituitary gland, Pons, and the Suprachiasmatic nucleus.

Question 13

Suprachiasmatic Nucleus (SCN)

Answer 13

located in the hypothalamus, serves as the brains clock mechanism

Question 14

Adaptive function (Evolutionary Hypotheses)

Answer 14

sleep is essential to restore resources that are expended during the day, and sleep is an adaptive response to predatory risks

Question 15

Benefits of sleep

Answer 15

maintain a healthy weight, lowers stress levels, improves mood, etc.

Question 16

Sleep spindles

Answer 16

rapid bursts of high frequency brainwaves

Question 17

K-complexes

Answer 17

very high amplitude pattern of brain activity

Question 18

Delta waves vs. Alpha waves vs. Theta waves

Answer 18

a. Delta waves are high amplitude waves

b. Alpha waves are medium frequency waves

c. Theta waves are slow frequency waves

Question 19

REM sleep (rapid eye movement)

Answer 19

rapid eye movement, paralysis of voluntary muscles, dreams, brains waves are similar to that of wakefulness; occurs after stage 3&4 of sleep

Question 20

Stage 1 of sleep

Answer 20

transition phase occurring between sleep and wakefulness. Respiration as well as heartbeat slow, muscle tension and body temp decrease.

Question 21

stage 2 of sleep

Answer 21

body is deeply relaxed, experience spindles and k-complexes

Question 22

stage 3 & 4 of sleep (basically one stage)

Answer 22

also known as slow wave sleep. Delta waves occur, and respiration and rate slow down further

Question 23

Hypnogram

Answer 23

a diagram of the stages of sleep as they occur during a period of sleep

Question 24

latent content vs. manifest content

Answer 24

a. latent content is the hidden meaning of the dream

b. manifest content is the content of a dream

Question 25

who is Carl Jung

Answer 25

believes that dreams allow us to tap into the collective unconscious

Question 26

who is sigmund freud (think unconscious mind)

Answer 26

believed that dreams were a way to gain access to the unconscious mind

Question 27

collective unconscious

Answer 27

information shared by all people across cultures

Question 28

universal archetypes

Answer 28

symbols every culture has; like a mom, hero, or god

Question 29

lucid dreams

Answer 29

certain aspects of wakefulness are maintained during a dreaming state

Question 30

insomnia vs. parasomnia

Answer 30

a. insomnia is the difficulty falling or staying asleep b. parasomnia is the unwanted motor behavior/experiences throughout the sleep cycle; ex. sleep walking

Question 31

Night terrors

Answer 31

sleeper experiences a sense of panic and may scream or attempt to escape

Question 32

Obstructive sleep apnea vs. central sleep apnea

Answer 32

a. obstructive is when the airway becomes blocked and air is prevented from entering the lungs b. central is when the CNS fails to initiate breathing

Question 33

Narcolepsy

Answer 33

the irresistible urge to fall asleep during waking hours

Question 34

cataplexy

Answer 34

loss of muscle tone while awake or in some cases complete paralysis of the voluntary muscles

Question 35

Hypnagogic hallucinations

Answer 35

vivid, dream-like hallucinations

Question 36

Physiological dependence vs. psychological dependence (in relation to drugs)

Answer 36

a. physiological dependence involves changes in normal bodily function and withdrawal upon cessation of use b. psychological dependence involves the emotional need for a drug