Chpt. 8 study guide Flashcards
(25 cards)
encoding
involves the input of information into the memory system
automatic processing
encoding of details like time, space, frequency, and the meaning of words; remembering when you last studied
effortful processing
encoding of details that take time and effort; what you last studied
semantic encoding
semantic is the encoding of words and their meanings; the most effective form of encoding
self-reference effect
the tendency for an individual to have better memory for information that relates to them
atkinson-shiffrin model of memory
information passes through three distinct stages in order for it to be stored in long-term memory
the stroop effect
describes how its difficult for us to name a color when the word and the color of the word are different
memory consolidation
transfer of STM to long-term memory
explicit (declarative) memory
memories of facts and events we can consciously remember and recall/declare
semantic vs. episodic
a. two branches of explicit memory
b. semantic is knowledge about words and concepts
c. episodic is information about events we have personally experienced
implicit memory
memories that are not part of our consciousness, we just do them
procedural and emotional conditioning
a. two parts of implicit memory
b. procedural stores information about how to do things, like tying your shoes
c. emotional conditioning is remembering certain events, smells, songs etc. that bring on an emotion response based on our experience
hyperthymesia
autobiographical memory
engram
the group of neurons that serve as the physical representation of memory
equipotentiality hypothesis
if part of one area of the brain involved in memory is damaged, another part of the same area can take over that memory function
4 parts of the brain involved in memory
- amygdala- involved in fear memories, processes emotion information
- hippocampus- associated with explicit memory, recognition memory and spatial memory
- cerebellum- plays a role in processing procedural memories, like playing piano
- prefrontal cortex- appears to be involved in remembering semantic tasks
arousal theory
strong emotions trigger the formation of strong memories and weak emotions form weaker memories
flashbulb memory
a record of an atypical and unusual event that has very strong emotional associations
anterograde amnesia vs. retrograde amnesia
a. anterograde is the inability to remember new information after a point of trauma
b. retrograde is the loss of memory for events that occurred prior to trauma
construction vs. reconstruction
a. construction is the formulation of new memories
b. reconstruction is the process of bringing up old memories
suggestibility
the effects of misinformation form external sources that leads to the creation of false memories
schacters 7 sins of memory
- transcience- accessibility of memory decreases over time
- absentmindedness- forgetting caused by lapses in attention
- blocking- accessibility of information is temporarily blocked
- misattribution- source of memory is confused
- suggestibility- false memories
- bias- memories distorted by current belief system
- persistence- inability to forget undesirable memories
misattribution
source of memory is confused
transience
accessibility of memory decreases over time
