Chpter 1 Flashcards
Anatomy
study of structure or form of human body
Physiology
study of body’s functions
list and expain 7 char of living organisms
- cellular composition
-cells= basic. smalles unit of life; smallest unit tht can carry out life
-all orgs have ‘em - Metabolism (collective chain of chem reactions)
-Chemicals – substances with unique molecular composition; used in or produced by chemical reactions
-can build up or break down substances based on needs of orgs - Growth
-where building outweighs breaking down processes, includes two forms:
Increase in size of individual cells
Increase in number of cells - Excretion – process that an organism uses to eliminate potentially harmful waste products created by metabolic processes
pee gets rid of ammonia
5.Responsiveness or irritability – ability of organisms to sense and react to changes or stimuli in their environment - Movement – ability of an entire organism to move or movement of individual cells or of materials within or between cells of an organism
- Reproduction takes following two forms in multicellular organisms:
Individual cells reproduce within organism during growth and to replace damaged or old cells
Organism itself reproduces to yield similar offspring
Why don’t we grow in our 20’s?
cause our bodies have hit the maximum point of growth; our bodies can’t grow anymore
Why do we take in oxygen?
-we take it in b/c electron transplant chain; mitochondria makes atp, food turns into atp, no oxygen, no energy
smallest level of structural organization
chem level
ranges from tiny atoms to complex chem structure called molecules
2nd level of structural organization
Cellular level – formed by groups of many different types of molecules combined in specific ways to form cellular structures
3 level of structural organization
Tissue level – two or more cell types cooperate to perform a common function
Consist of two components: cells and surrounding extracellular matrix
Vary from membrane sheets that cover body cavities to irregularly shaped cartilage found in nose
4 level of structural organization
Organ level – consists of two or more tissue types combined to form a structure or organ; has a recognizable shape and performs a specialized task
.
5 level of structural organization
Organ system level – body’s organs are grouped into organ systems
Consist of two or more organs that together carry out a broad function in body
For example
Cardiovascular system (heart and blood vessels) transports blood through body
Digestive system ingests food, absorbs nutrients, and eliminates wastes
6 level of structural organization
.Organism level – organ systems function together to make up working human body, an organism
organ systems
Body’s organs are grouped into organ systems; consist of two or more organs that together carry out a broad function in body
How many organ systems does the boyd have?
11
What is the function of the organ systems?
Organs and organ systems work together to ensure survival of organism as a whole
Organ systems function together to make up complete organism (human body)
Organ system: Integumentary system
- protects the boyd from the exterior envornment
- produces vitamin d
- retains water
- regulates body temp
- hair, skin, nails
Organ system: skeletal system
-supports the body
-promotes internal organs
-provides leverage for movement
-produces blood cells
-stores calcium salts
bones, joints
organ system: muscular
-produces movement
-controls body openings
–generates heat
skeletal muscles
organ system: nervous
-regulates body functions
-provides for sensation, movement, automatic functions, and higher mental functions via nerve impulses
nerves, spinal cords, brain
Organ system: endocrine
-regulates body functions
-regulates the functions of muscles, glands and other tissues through the secretion of chemicals called hormones
ovaries (females), testes (male), pancreas, adrenal gland, thymus gland, thyroid gland, pituitary gland, hypothalamas, pineal gland
organ system: cardiovascular
pumps and delivers oxygen poor blood into the lungs and oxygen rich blood into the tissues
removes wastes from the tissues
transports cells, nutrients, and other substances
heart, blood vessels
organ system: lymphatic
returns excess ttissue fluid to cardiovascular system provides immunity (protection against diseases) tonsils, lymph nodes, thymus, spleen, lymphatic vessels
organ system: respitory system
delivers oxygen to the blood
removes carbon dioxide from the boyd
maintains the acid base balance of blood
nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, lungs
organ system: digestive
absorbs nutrients
digests food
removes food waste
regulates fluid, electrolytes, and acid base balance
mouth, salavary glands, esophagus, liver, stomach, gallbladder, pancreas, large intestines, small intestines
organ system: urinary
removes metabolic waste from the blood
regulates blood, electrolyte, and acid base balance, stimulates blood cell production
kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra
