Chronic Kidney Disease

Question 1

CKD GFR

Answer 1

below 60 ml/min/1.73 m^2 body surface area

Question 2

What stage does CKD manifest in endocrine/metabolic disturbance?

Answer 2

Stage 4/5

• GFR < 30 ml/min/1.73 m^2
  a. k.a. ESRD

Question 3

Top 3 A/S conditions w/ CKD

Answer 3

1. Diabetic glomerular disease
2. HTN
3. Glomerular nephritis

Question 4

Pathology of CKD

Answer 4

Lost Nephrons -> Hypertrophy + overfiltration of existing nephrons -> scarring/fibrosis -> furhter loss of nephrons -> Uremia

Question 5

Uremia S/S

Answer 5

• N/S
• WL
• Muscle Cramps
• pruritis
• change in mental status
• Dehydration/edema
• Hyperkalemia; Hyperphos; Hypocal; 2nd Hyperparathyroid

Question 6

Hematologic signs in CKD

Answer 6

Normochromic Normocytic Anemia

Question 7

Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodular glomerulosclerosis

Answer 7

• sphericalnodules made up of collagen and other extracellular matrix proteins that are located peripherally within the glomerulus
• accumulations of non-collagenous proteins underneath the endothelium of glomerular capillaries and beneath the parietal epithelium of Bowman space

Question 8

Two presentations of Lupus Nephritis

Answer 8

1. Rapid progressive: Nephritic syndrome; Numerous glomerular crescents on biopsy
2. Membranous: Nephrotic: thickening of BM due to subepithelial deposits