Disorders of Ca. PO4, Mg Flashcards
1
Q
Estimate ionized Ca f/ total calcium
A
add 0.8 mg/dl for every 1 mg decrease in serum albumin below 4 mg/dl.
2
Q
Hypercalcemia Treatment
A
volume expansion to reduce the salt driven proximal reabsorption and loop diuretics which block the paracellular thick ascending limb transport.
3
Q
Normal Serum Phosphorus levels
A
2.5 to 4.5 mg/dl (0.81 to 1.45 mmol/L)
4
Q
Normal Serum Magnesium
A
1.5 to 2.5 meq/L
5
Q
Most common causes Hypercalcemia
A
- Hyperparathyroidism
- Malignancy
- Hypervitaminosis D
- Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia
6
Q
Hypercalcemia Treatment
A
- aggresive intravenous volume resuscitation with normal saline, followed by loop diuretics
- IV biphosphonates (“Dronates”) if previous fails
- Treat underlying cause
7
Q
Hypocalcemia Common Causes
A
- Hypoalbuminemia
- Vit D Deficient
- Hypoparathyroidism
- Pseudohypoparathyroidism
- Tissue consumption/ pancreatic saponification
8
Q
Hypocalcemia Treatment
A
- Calcium infusion if symptomatic (Ca gluconate or CaCl2)
- Oral Ca if not symptomatic
- Treat concurrent hypomagnesemia 1st!!
9
Q
Most common cause of hyperphosphatemia
A
- Kidney disease
- Phosphate laxatives/enemas
- Vit D Overdose
10
Q
Hyperphosphatemia Tx
A
- Mild is self-resolving
- volume expansion, dialysis, and oral phosphate binders
11
Q
Hypophosphatemia Causes
A
- DEC GI absoprtion
- Renal wasting
- Hyperparathyyroidism
12
Q
Hypophosphatemia Tx
A
- Oral supplements for severe hypophosphatemia
13
Q
Hypermagnesemia
- eti
- s/s
- tx
A
- kidney dx; supplementation
- s/s: lethargy, confusion, arrythmias, + muscle weakness
- Tx d/c intake; volumne replete
14
Q
Hypomagnesemia
- s/s
- A/S
- Tx
A
- s/s: apathy, depression, delirium, seizures and parasthesias, tremors, general muscle weakness, ventricular arrhythmias, and increased susceptibility to digoxin related arrythmias
- A/S: Alcoholics
- Tx Oral suppliments
