Circulation In The Limbs

Question 1

When does the external iliac become the femoral artery?

Answer 1

As it passes under the inguinal ligament

Question 2

What are the lateral and medial circumflex femoral arteries branches of?

Answer 2

Deep artery of the thigh

Question 3

The obturator artery is a branch of which artery?

Answer 3

Internal iliac artery

Question 4

What does the obturator artery supply?

Answer 4

Adductor muscles of thigh

Question 5

The perforating arteries that supply the muscles of the thigh branch off the …

Answer 5

Deep artery of the thigh

Question 6

The artery to the head of the femur is a branch of which artery?

Answer 6

Obturator artery

Question 7

Where does the inguinal ligament run from and to?

Answer 7

ASIS to pubic tubercle

Question 8

Where do we feel for the femoral pulse?

Answer 8

Half way between ASIS and pubic symphysis (mid-inguinal point)

Question 9

What are the sites for insertion of a catheter to the heart?

Answer 9

Femoral artery
Radial artery
Brachial artery

Question 10

The adductor canal runs between which muscles?

Answer 10

Under sartorius

Over adductor longus

Question 11

Which nerves run alongside the femoral artery in the adductor canal?

Answer 11

Saphenous nerve

Nerve to vastus medialis

Question 12

Describe the contents of the popliteal fossa, lateral to medial

Answer 12

Common peroneal nerve
Tibial nerve
Popliteal vein
Popliteal artery

Question 13

Name the 5 main arteries to the knee

Answer 13

Superior, medial genicular artery 
Inferior, medial genicular 
Superior, lateral genicular 
Inferior, lateral genicular
Middle

Question 14

The popliteal artery branches into which arteries?

Answer 14

Anterior tibial artery

Posterior tibial artery

Question 15

The fibular artery is a branch of which artery?

Answer 15

Posterior tibial artery

Question 16

Which artery branches into the lateral and medial plantar arteries?

Answer 16

Posterior tibial artery

Question 17

What is the most common site of atherosclerosis formation?

Answer 17

Abdominal aorta (and iliac arteries)

Question 18

How do we do an Ankle-Brachial Pressure Index?

Answer 18

Compare BP in ankle and arm
Patient lays supine - everything at the same height
ABPI = BP leg / BP arm
Normal = 0.9 - 1.2
Can also use a Doppler ultrasound probe to assess blood flow

Question 19

How does flow relate to radius?

Answer 19

Flow is proportional to radius to the power 4

Question 20

What are the signs of poor perfusion?

Answer 20

Lack of hair
Skin problems
Ulcers
Infection 
Skin necrosis 
Loss of pulses
Cold to touch

Question 21

What is the treatment for peripheral vascular disease

Answer 21

Aspirin

Risk factor modification eg. Lipid lowering, stop smoking, BP control, control of diabetes, increase exercise

Question 22

What are the signs of popliteal aneurysm?

Answer 22

Oedema and pain in popliteal fossa

Palpable pulsation

Question 23

What injuries could cause popliteal artery rupture?

Answer 23

Fracture of distal femur

Dislocation of knee

Question 24

Describe saphenous cut down

Answer 24

Used in emergency situations when it is difficult to find a vein for venae puncture or cannula insertion
Anterior to medial malleolus
Risk of saphenous risk injury

Question 25

Describe varicose veins

Answer 25

Dilated, tortuous, superficial veins Valve flaps fail - incompetent Venous insufficiency can lead to ulcers

Question 26

Where does the subclavian artery becomes the axillary artery?

Answer 26

Passing lateral to the 1st rib

Question 27

Where does the axillary artery become the brachial artery?

Answer 27

Passing the inferior border of teres major

Question 28

How many segments is the axillary artery split into and what defines them?

Answer 28

3 | Defined by position relative to pectoralis minor

Question 29

What do we call the arteries that supply to head of the humerus?

Answer 29

Anterior and posterior circumflex humeral arteries

Question 30

Which artery runs alongside the radial nerve in the radial groove?

Answer 30

Deep branch of the brachial artery

Question 31

Which arteries anastomose at the scapula?

Answer 31

Subscapular artery Suprascapular artery Dorsal scapular artery

Question 32

Which artery supplies the deep palmar arch of the hand?

Answer 32

Radial and ulnar arteries

Question 33

Which artery supplies the superficial palmar arch?

Answer 33

Ulnar artery

Question 34

The posterior and anterior interosseous arteries are branches of which artery?

Answer 34

Ulnar artery

Question 35

Where do the cephalic and basilic veins start?

Answer 35

Dorsal venous arch of the hand

Question 36

Which superficial vein of the arm runs laterally and which runs medially?

Answer 36

``` Lateral = cephalic Medial = basilic ```

Question 37

Deep venous drainage of the arm arises from which structure?

Answer 37

Deep palmar arch (venous?)