circulatory system

Question 1

how does the singular circulatory system work

Answer 1

for every one circuit of the body, the blood passes through the heart once
The right side of the heart receives deoxygenated blood from the body and pumps it to the lungs
The left side of the heart receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps it to the body

Question 2

how does the double circulatory system work

Answer 2

for every one circuit of the body the blood passes through the heart twice
two pumps that work at the same time to pump blood in two different directions.
The right-hand side of the heart collects deoxygenated blood from the body and pumps it to the lungs

Question 3

what are the advantages of a double circulatory system

Answer 3

Blood travelling through the small capillaries in the lungs loses a lot of pressure that was given to it by the pumping of the heart, meaning it cannot travel as fast

By returning the blood to the heart after going through the lungs its pressure can be raised again before sending it to the body, meaning cells can be supplied with the oxygen and glucose they need for respiration faster and more frequently

Question 4

which side of the heart pumps oxygenated blood to the whole body

Answer 4

the left side

Question 5

which side of the heart pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs

Answer 5

the right side

Question 6

which blood vessel carries deoxygenated blood

Answer 6

vein

Question 7

which blood vessel carries oxygenated blood

Answer 7

Arteries

Question 8

which blood vessel carries blood away from the heart

Answer 8

artery

Question 9

which blood vessel carries blood to the heart

Answer 9

veins

Question 10

which muscle in the heart is the thickest and why

Answer 10

the left ventricle, so that it can successfully pump blood to the rest of the body

Question 11

what separates the two sides of the heart and why

Answer 11

the septum

to prevent the oxygenated and deoxygenated blood from mixing

Question 12

which blood vessel brings oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart

Answer 12

Pulmonary vein

Question 13

which blood vessel carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs

Answer 13

pulmonary artery

Question 14

what are the functions of valves in the heart

Answer 14

to prevent back-flow of blood

Question 15

what are atrioventricular valves

Answer 15

valves that separate the atria from the ventricles

Question 16

what are the valves on the right side of the heart called

Answer 16

tricuspid valves

Question 17

what are the valves on the left side of the heart called

Answer 17

bicuspid valves

Question 18

when are the valves opened

Answer 18

when the atria contract

Question 19

when are the valves shut

Answer 19

when the ventricles contract

Question 20

which are the only two arteries that have valves

Answer 20

the ones coming out of the top of the heart

Question 21

how does deoxygenated blood flow in the heart

Answer 21

vena cava –> right atrium –> right ventricle –> pulmonary artery –> lung

Question 22

how does oxygenated blood flow in the heart

Answer 22

pulmonary vein –> left atrium –> left ventricle –> aorta –> rest of body

Question 23

which valves close and open when the deoxygenated blood flows in the heart

Answer 23

right atrium contracts, tricuspid valve opens, right ventricle contracts, tricuspid valve closes

Question 24

which valves close and open when oxygenated blood flows through the heart

Answer 24

left atrium contracts, bicuspid valve opens, left ventricle contracts, bicuspid valve closes

Question 25

what are semilunar valves

Answer 25

valves between the: right ventricle and pulmonary artery left ventricle and the superior vena cava

Question 26

how is an artery’s structure related to its function

Answer 26

thick wall to withstand blood pressure small lumen to maintain blood pressure muscular tissue to help carry out vasoconstriction and vasodilation elastic tissue which recoils to maintain the blood pressure fibrous tissue which maintains shape and prevents from bursting

Question 27

Explain the role of the arterioles in the skin when a person is very cold

Answer 27

muscle in arteriole contract arterioles constrict less blood flows to skin capillaries decrease in loss of heat from the blood by conduction

Question 28

Explain why it is necessary for the blood supply to muscles to increase during exercise.

Answer 28

increase in energy demand in muscle ``` increase in blood flow supplies more oxygen for aerobic respiration more glucose more fatty acids ``` increase in blood flow removes carbon dioxide lactic acid from anaerobic respiration

Question 29

what do blood vessels do to increase blood flow

Answer 29

vasodilation muscle in wall relaxes arteries dilate more blood flows to capillaries

Question 30

what do blood vessels to do decrease blood flow

Answer 30

vasoconstriction muscle in wall contracts arteries constrict less blood flows to capillaries

Question 31

what is aorta function

Answer 31

The aorta is the main artery that carries blood away from your heart to the rest of your body

Question 32

how are capillaries adapted to their function

Answer 32

Capillaries have walls only one endothelial cell thick This makes them well adapted for gas exchange, as substances only have to diffuse over a short distance. pores in the capillary wall, allow filtration and movement of small molecules

Question 33

how are veins adapted to their function

Answer 33

Veins are thinner-walled as they transport deoxygenated blood back to the heart under far less pressure. Veins have valves to prevent the backflow of blood and maintain one-way flow of blood

Question 34

what are some things blood carries other than oxygen

Answer 34

glucose, amino acids

Question 35

what is path of blood in a fish

Answer 35

heart --> gills --> body

Question 36

how does blood clot

Answer 36

thrombin converts soluble fibrinogen to insoluble fibrin fibrin forms a net and traps blood cells forms a scab

Question 37

blood vessel that carries oxygenated blood to the heart

Answer 37

pulmonary vein

Question 38

blood vessel that carries oxygenated blood away from the heart

Answer 38

aorta

Question 39

a blood vessel that takes deoxygenated blood to the lung from the heart

Answer 39

pulmonary artery

Question 40

describe one named example of surgery that can treat coronary heart disease

Answer 40

stinct small mesh tube inserted into artery opens artery