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Circulatory System Flashcards

(63 cards)

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1
Q

3 primary cycles of blood vessels

A
  1. Cardiac circulation
  2. Pulmonary circulation
  3. Systematic circulation
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2
Q

Cardiac circulation

A

Route taken by blood within the heart

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3
Q

Pulmonary circulation

A

Pathway of blood from heart to lungs and back

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4
Q

Systematic circulation

A

Route from heart to rest of body

Includes all blood vessels except those for lungs

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5
Q

Functions of circulatory system (6)

A
  1. Supply tissue with O2 and nutrients
  2. Remove waste (CO2)
  3. Help maintain homeostasis
  4. Transport hormones to regulate organ activity
  5. Transport antibodies and white blood cells to fight infection
  6. Clot at wound
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6
Q

Important parts of circulatory system

A

Heart
Blood vessels
Blood

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7
Q

Heart

A

Central part

Responsible for pumping blood throughout body

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8
Q

Blood vessels

A

Carry the blood throughout the body

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9
Q

Blood

A

Transports materials around the body

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10
Q

Cardiovascular system

A

Heart and blood vessels together

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11
Q

Average amount of blood in adults (male + female)

A

Male: 5-6L
Female: 4-5L

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12
Q

Transport vessels (5)

A 
Artery
Vein 
Capillary 
Arteriole (small artery)
Venule (small vein)
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13
Q

Arteries blood flow

A

All carry blood AWAY from heart

Oxygenated blood

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14
Q

Veins blood flow

A

All carry blood TOWARDS heart

Deoxygenated blood

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15
Q

Pulmonary artery and vein exception

A

Pulmonary Arteries Carries deoxygenated blood from heart to lungs

And

Pulmonary veins carries oxygenated blood from lungs to heart to be pumped into systematic circulation

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16
Q

Capillaries function (2)

A

Permit diffusion if oxygen and nutrients from blood to tissues

And

Diffusion of waste products from tissues into blood

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17
Q

Arteries 3 layers

A

Connective tissue

Smooth muscle

Elastic tissue

Lumen

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18
Q

Elastic wall of artery

A

Allows to expand as wave of blood passes through it then snaps back

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19
Q

Lumen of artery

A

Open space in which blood travels through a vessel

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20
Q

Muscle in artery

A

Contracts to push blood thru lumen

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21
Q

Veins compared to arteries (3)

A

Thinner wall and larger inner circumference

Lacks elasticity but greater capacity

Venous system has twice as much blood

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22
Q

Veins ( for regions above the heart )

A

Pull of gravity helps draw blood through the veins

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23
Q

Veins ( for regions below heart)

A

Blood must be pushed against force of gravity by muscle contractions

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24
Q

Vein valves

A

One way valves to keep blood flowing toward the heart and prevent backward flow (prevent blood flow in wrong direction)

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25
Capillaries (5)
Smallest of blood vessels Reach everywhere Capillary wall is single layer of endothelial cells and regulates movement of materials in and out of blood Diameter : 8um No cell is more than 2 cells away from capillary
26
Order of blood flow (13)
1. Superior and inferior vena cava 2. Right atrium 3. Tricuspid valve 4. Right ventricle 5. Semilunar valve 6. Pulmonary artery 7. Blood @ lung capillaries 8. Pulmonary vein 9. Left atrium 10. Bicuspid valve 11. Left ventricle 12. Semilunar valve 13. Aorta
27
1. Superior and inferior vena cava
Returns blood from body
28
2. Right atrium | 9. Left atrium
Right: Collects deoxygenated blood and pumps to right ventricle Left: collects oxygenated blood coming from the lungs sends it to left ventricle
29
3. Tricuspid valve | 10. Bicuspid valve
Tricuspid: Opens to allow flow of blood and closes to prevent backflow Bicuspid: prevents backflow of blood between atrium and ventricle
30
4. Right ventricle | 11. Left ventricle
Right: collects deoxygenated blood from atrium and send to the lungs Left: collects oxygenated blood from atrium and pump out to body tissues
31
5. Semilunar valve | 12. Semilunar valve
5. Prevents back flow of blood on way to lungs | 12. Prevents backflow of blood as it leaves heart through Aorta
32
6. Pulmonary artery | 8. Pulmonary vein
Artery:Carries deoxygenated blood from heart to lungs Vein: carries oxygenated blood from lungs to left atrium
33
7) blood arrives...
Blood arrives in lung capillaries where it drops off carbon dioxide and picks up oxygen.
34
13.Aorta
Major artery Carries oxygenated blood away from heart into tissues
35
Blood pressure major factors (5)
1. Amount of blood 2. Heart rate 3. Size of arteries 4. Elasticity 5. Viscosity of blood
36
Amount of blood factor
Greater the volume greater the pressure If person is bleeding blood pressure drops bc decrease in volume
37
Heart rate factor
Faster the heart pumps greater the pressure Pressure drops as heart rate decreases Especially during rest/sleep
38
Size of arteries factor
When arteries dilate the volume of vessels increases and pressure falls When arteries constricts pressure increases
39
Elasticity factor
Walls of arteries r flexible and elastic able to expand as blood is forced out of heart then relax as surge passes If it cannot stretch in this way they are hardened (common in older people) Blood pressure is increased
40
Viscosity of blood factor
Thickness Thick sticky fluid flows showed than watery
41
Heart beat average
4200/hr 70/min
42
Sino atrial (SA) node
In upper right atrium Initiation of beat Receive nerve impulses from medulla oblongata causing right atrium to contract followed by left Impulse picked up by atrio ventricular nose
43
Atrio ventricular (AV) node
Between right atrium and ventricle Picks up nerve impulse Directs impulse down septum through Bundle of His until Purkinje Fibres Impulse causes myocardium of ventricles to contract as unit
44
Heart beat sounds
Produced by heart vibrations produced when valves close and blood bounces against walls of ventricles or blood vessels
45
What makes it easier to hear heart
Stethoscope
46
Lub
First sound produced by closing if cuspid valve (AV valves) when the ventricles contract and force blood into arteries Lower pitch
47
Dub
Second sound produced by Semilunar valves snapping shut when ventricles relax and cuspid valves open Higher/louder pitch
48
Young adults average blood pressure
Between 120/70 and 115/75 mm Hg
49
Blood pressure fraction: Numerator
Systolic pressure represents highest pressure generated when ventricles contract
50
Blood pressure fraction : Denominator
Represents pressure when ventricles relax Diastolic pressure
51
How is blood pressure taken
Sphygmomanometer
52
What is blood made up of (4) and percents
Plasma 55% White blood cells 1% Platelets Red blood cells 45%
53
Red blood cells (4)
Aka erythrocytes Contain hemoglobin (carries oxygen) No nucleus allows for more room for hemoglobin and oxygen Disc shaped
54
White blood cells (2)
Leukocytes Protect against invading microorganisms and toxins
55
Platelets(5)
Involved in blood clotting Irregular shape Move easily thru vessels If encounter cut in blood vessel they r activated and rupture Platelets release substance that reacts with proteins in plasma to make mesh of fibres which prevents more blood from escaping vessel
56
Plasma
The fluid that solid blood parts (RBC WBC), dissolved gases, nutrients, wastes , and hormones are transported around body in
57
about Blood groups
Types ABO and Ph -/+ Not all blood groups r compatible with eachother Mixing incompatible together can lead to clumping (agglutination)
58
Agglutination
Blood clumping from mixing incompatible types Dangerous can lead to death
59
Why r their different bloods
Due to the presence of absence of protein molecules : antigens and antibodies
60
Hypertension description
High blood pressure High blood pressure may weaken arteries which may rupture, can also cause headaches
61
Hypertension causes(6) and treatment (4)
``` Heredity Atherosclerosis Smoking Obesity High level of salt in diet Related to stress ``` ``` Prevention: Exercise Diet Reduce stress No drugs ```
62
Atherosclerosis description
Hardening of arteries Cholesterol buildup on inner walls Reduced capacity for blood flow, or total blockage
63
Atherosclerosis causes(3) and prevention(3)
Causes: High fat and sugar food Not enough exercise Heredity Prevention: Diet in less fat and sugar—more fibre Exercise Stop smoking

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