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Digestive System Flashcards

(60 cards)

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1
Q

Open tube

A

Animal has intake at one end

Out take at other end

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2
Q

Closed tube

A

Food enters and waste leaves from same hole

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3
Q

Ingestion

A

Food taken in

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4
Q

Digestion

A

Preparation of food for absorption

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5
Q

Egestion

A

Waste out

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6
Q

Papillae

A

Upper surface of tongue
Pimple like
Houses tastebuds

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7
Q

Uvula

A

Prevents food from entering nasal cavity

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8
Q

Hard palette

A

Separates the oral and nasal cavities

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9
Q

Soft palette

A

Separates nasal from oral cavity

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10
Q

Epiglottis

A

Closes off trachea when swallowing

Acts as trap door

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11
Q

Esophagus

A

Moves food to stomach

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12
Q

Saliva

A

Watery mixture of salivary gland secretions released into mouth via ducts

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13
Q

Saliva PH

A

6.35 to 6.85

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14
Q

What does saliva contain

A

H2O 99.5%

Electrolytes

Proteins/enzymes

Mucin (protein forming mucus when mixed with H2O)

Amylase (breaks down carbohydrates)

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15
Q

Mucin

A

Protein that forms mucous when dissolved in H2O

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16
Q

Amylase

A

Enzyme that breaks down carbohydrates

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17
Q

Saliva function

A

Chemical digestion of starch/carbs

Lubricates chewed food

Moistens oral cavity

Helps clean teeth

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18
Q

Bolus movement

A

Food enters D. S. through mouth

Teeth breaks down food into smaller pieces & mixes with saliva

Amylase- chemical digestion of carbs

Swallow tongue lifts bolus to roof & push back to pharynx

Larynx drawn against epiglottis

Bolus glides over epiglottis that covers glottis

Bolus goes into esophagus-peristalsis occurs

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19
Q

Glottis

A

Opening to trachea

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20
Q

Bolus

A

Chewed up moistened food

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21
Q

Larynx

A

Adam’s apple

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22
Q

Peristalsis

A

Coordinated muscle movements that move food down digestive tract

Independent of gravity

Draw diagram

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23
Q

Parts of mouth and throat

A 
Teeth 
Tongue 
Sublingual gland 
Submandibular gland 
Hard palette 
Soft palette 
Parotid gland 
Uvula
Epiglottis 
Esophagus
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24
Q

Three salivary glands

A

Parotid glands
Sublingual gland
Submandibular gland

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25
The stomach
J shaped stretchable organ From esophagus to small intestine
26
Stomach function
Stores and breaks down food so that the small intestine can handle it
27
Types of digestion
Chemical -enzymes Physical- muscle contractions
28
Stomach Enzymes
Pepsinogen Pepsin Renin HCl
29
Pepsinogen
Inactive form of pepsin secreted by gastric glands converted to pepsin in stomach acid
30
Pepsin
Breaks down proteins | Must be low PH of 2
31
Renin
Found in children Clots milk and allows for more time to digest
32
HCl
Hydrochloric acid Activate pepsinogen Loosen fibrous material Kills bacteria Mucus lining protects stomach from HCl
33
Cardiac sphincter function
Controls food entering stomach
34
Smooth muscle function
Of stomach walls Will squeeze and move bolus Physical digestion
35
Chyme
Liquified pasts Bolus becomes chyme after chem&phys digestion
36
Rugae function
Folds of stomach Allow stomach to expand & rugae disappears Contains gastric glands that release gastric juices (HCl & pepsinogen)
37
Pyloric sphincter function
Control rate of food leaving
38
Ulcers
Caused when HCl creates hole in stomach mucous Burning and hurts
39
Heart burn
Occurs when stomach acids reflex (go back) into esophagus which has no mucus to protect it Burns
40
Small intestine functions
1. Chemical digestion of food to its simplest forms 2. Adsorption of nutrients into blood stream & lymphatic system Chyme moves thru segmentation movements : muscles contract & pushes chyme to the next segment
41
Duodenum
Start of small intestine Shortest&widest(25-30cm) Highly folded to increase SA Main function: Chen digestion Enzymes: amylase and Lipase PH2
42
Jejunum
Lots of vili 3m long Main absorber Enzyme: trypsin PH9
43
Villi
Finger like projections Each contains micro villi to increase SA
44
Ileum
4m long Fewer villi Main function: absorb& push indigestibles to large intestine Enzymes: Maltase , sucrase, lactase.
45
Types of digestion in intestines
Chemical - enzymes Absorption- villi (80% in small intestine) Physical segmentation movements
46
Parts of stomach
Smooth muscle Rugae Pyloric sphincter Chyme and bolus Enzymes and acid
47
Parts of small intestine
``` Liver Gall bladder Pyloric sphincter Pancreas Duodenum Jejunum Ileum Villi ```
48
Accessory organs of digestive system
Liver Bile Gallbladder Pancreas
49
Liver
2nd largest organ in human body 1.5kg 2-lobed Functions- Synthesis of bile Extracts toxins from blood
50
Bile
Mixture of salts, bile acids , cholesterol, phospholipids , H2O Functions : Enters small intestines and mixes with food Emulsifies fat ( breaks fat into small globules) Globules separate by watery environment Makes it easier for lipase to act in fat globules
51
Gallbladder
Lodged within liver Function: Stores&concentrates bile made in liver Releases bile into duodenum of small intestine when fat enters
52
Pancreas
Lies behind stomach and extends laterally from duodenum Functions: When chyme leaves stomach through pyloric sphincter it is acidic Acidity stimulates duodenum to secrete secretin Secretin is absorbed into bloodstream and into pancreas Secretion signals pancreas to release bicarbonate ions Bicarbonate ions neutralize acidity- PH of duodenum Pancreatic secretions also contains lipase’s, carbohydrates and proteases
53
Large intestine
Aka colon Completes absorption of food, minerals, vitamins, and recovers H2O&forms&expels feces If water is not taken up by blood-> diarrhea From small intestine to rectum and out
54
Large intestine type of digestion
Absorption Bacteria (E. coli) that use waste material to produce vitamins B+K. Helps break down food even further Uses haustra movements
55
Haustra movements
Muscles that move feces to rectum slowly Damp mass that remains is feces
56
Sigmoid curve
By the time feces gets here it is dense Fibre holds H2O (softens) makes passage easier
57
Parts of large intestine/colon
``` Ileocecal valve Appendix Caecum Hausta movements Sigmoid curve Rectum Anus Anal sphincter ```
58
Constipation
Bowel movements three times a week or less Stool is dry, small and difficult to eliminate To prevent drink water eat fibre
59
Constipation causes
Inadequate water intake Lack of good nerve and muscle function in bowl Unhealthy diet and lack of physical activity
60
To prevent hemorrhoids and constipation
Drink lots of fluids at leased 8glasses/day High fibre diets of fruit veggies and whole grains Fibre supplements Stool softeners to prevent straining

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