Class 18 & 19

Question 1

Esophageal atresia

Answer 1

condition in which the esophagus ends in a pouch (dead end) and does not connect to the stomach

Question 2

tracheoesophageal fistula

Answer 2

abnormal connection between the trachea and the esophagus

Question 3

in which congenital anomaly is vomiting and drooling common

Answer 3

Esophageal atresia

Question 4

In which congenital anomaly is choking and coughing (due to milk in lungs) and abdominal distension (due to air getting into stomach) common in?

Answer 4

tracheoesophageal fistula

Question 5

what are complications of tracheoesophageal fistula and esophageal atresia

Answer 5

repeated pneumonia and failure to gain weight

Question 6

Paralysis of a tube is also called?

Answer 6

a functional obstruction

Question 7

A physical thing that blocks a tube is an example of?

Answer 7

a mechanical obstruction

Question 8

Why will ischemia and necrosis occur with obstructions

Answer 8

due to accumulation of gas and fluid which causes bloating. This puts pressure on blood vessels and results in less blood flow.

Question 9

Hirschsprung Disease

Answer 9

also called congenital aganglionic megacolon. There is reduced PNS innervation to the colon. The result is a hugely distended colon.

Question 10

Manifestations of colon cancer

Answer 10

1. pain
2. change in bowel habits
3. bleeding or anemia
4. fatigue

Question 11

mortality rate of pancreatic cancer

Answer 11

almost 100% due to late diagnosis

Question 12

Why is pernicious anemia a complication of gastritis?

Answer 12

cannot absorb vitamin B12 because there is no intrinsic factor which is usually produced in the stomach

Question 13

Why is gastric carcinoma a complication of gastritis?

Answer 13

due to chronic inflammation

Question 14

Peptic ulcer disease can be a complication of?

Answer 14

gastritis

Question 15

PUD

Answer 15

a break or ulceration in the protective mucosal lining of the stomach or duodenum

Question 16

Ischemic ulcers

Answer 16

caused by decreased blood flow

Question 17

cushing ulcers

Answer 17

associated with severe head injury or brain surgery

Question 18

curling ulcers

Answer 18

associated with burn injuries

Question 19

stress ulcer

Answer 19

a type of peptic ulcer that is related to severe illness, neural injury or systemic trauma

Question 20

Skip lesions are a characteristic of?

Answer 20

crohns disease

Question 21

Layers of the bowel involved in crohns disease?

Answer 21

entire intestinal wall

Question 22

Layers of the bowel involved in ulcerative colitis?

Answer 22

the mucosa (inner lining of the colon)

Question 23

what involves profound diarrhea

Answer 23

ulcerative colitis

Question 24

dehydration is a complication of?

Answer 24

ulcerative colitis

Question 25

Pain is worse in?

Answer 25

crohns disease

Question 26

Cholecystitis

Answer 26

inflammation of the gallbladder

Question 27

What are two main manifestations of cholecystitis?

Answer 27

biliary colic and intolerance to fatty foods

Question 28

Acute pancreatitis is associated with?

Answer 28

gallstones and heavy intake of alcohol

Question 29

Hepatitis

Answer 29

inflammation caused by exposure to drugs or other chemicals or by viral infections

Question 30

What happens in the prodromal phase of viral hepatitis?

Answer 30

fatigue, anorexia and nausea

Question 31

What happens in the icteric phase of viral hepatitis?

Answer 31

jaundice, dark urine and bile salts on skin makes skin itchy

Question 32

2 main consequences of cirrhosis

Answer 32

portal hypertension and acites

Question 33

Portal hypertension can cause?

Answer 33

esophageal varices and acites

Question 34

esophageal varices

Answer 34

varicose veins in the esophagus that are prone to rupturing. Potentially life threatening complication of liver failure

Question 35

What 3 leading causes of death are associated with obesity?

Answer 35

1. Coronary artery disease 2. Type 2 diabetes 3. Cancer

Question 36

Narrowing in the distal end of the stomach

Answer 36

pyloric stenosis

Question 37

Twisting of the bowel

Answer 37

volvulus

Question 38

Telescoping of one part of the intestine into the other

Answer 38

intussusception

Question 39

Protrusion of intestines through weakness in abdominal wall

Answer 39

hernia

Question 40

What are two risk factors for GERD?

Answer 40

1. relaxed lower esophageal sphincter | 2. Increased abdominal pressure (pushes acid up)

Question 41

What can cause a relaxed lower esophageal sphincter

Answer 41

age, drugs, alcohol, nicotine, hiatial hernia

Question 42

What can cause an increased abdominal pressure?

Answer 42

obesity and pregnancy

Question 43

Acute gastritis takes place in the?

Answer 43

antrum

Question 44

Chronic gastritis takes place in the?

Answer 44

fundus

Question 45

Chronic gastritis is usually?

Answer 45

autoimmune

Question 46

which disease has continuous inflammation with pinpoint hemorrhages?

Answer 46

UC

Question 47

Where is binary colic felt?

Answer 47

in the upper right quadrant