Class 2

Question 1

planned, programmed and predictable cell death

Answer 1

apoptosis

Question 2

cell death whereby cell shrinks

Answer 2

apoptosis

Question 3

cell death whereby cell swells

Answer 3

necrosis

Question 4

cell death that triggers inflammation

Answer 4

necrosis

Question 5

Free radicals are also known as

Answer 5

reactive oxygen species

Question 6

a free radical is an atom or group of atoms that have?

Answer 6

an unpaired electron

Question 7

is a free radical a byproduct of normal metabolism?

Answer 7

Yes

Question 8

when do free radicals increase?

Answer 8

during times of stress and disease

Question 9

free radicals are counteracted by?

Answer 9

antioxidants

Question 10

what is a term used to describe not enough oxygen at the cell and tissue level?

Answer 10

hypoxia

Question 11

ischemia

Answer 11

decreased blood flow

Question 12

Cerebral Palsy results from?

Answer 12

a hypoxic injury before, during or after birth

Question 13

Reperfusion injury occurs when?

Answer 13

restoration after ischemia causes inflammation and release of free radicals

Question 14

cell injury triggers?

Answer 14

inflammation

Question 15

the inflammatory response is the _____ line of defense

Answer 15

second

Question 16

the inflammatory response is part of _____ immunity

Answer 16

innate

Question 17

The process of inflammation is non-specific, this means?

Answer 17

the process of inflammation is the same regardless of trigger, it has no memory

Question 18

Goal of inflammation: prevent…

Answer 18

infection and further damage

Question 19

Goal of inflammation: limit and control…

Answer 19

the inflammatory process and prevents it from spreading to healthy areas and systemically.

Question 20

the inflammatory response initiates?

Answer 20

the adaptive immune response and also initiates healing

Question 21

the vascular response includes?

Answer 21

1. blood vessel dilation
2. increased permeability
3. fluid movement into tissues
4. viscous blood
5. clotting

Question 22

the cellular response includes?

Answer 22

1. WBCs adhering to capillary
2. emigration and movement to areas of injury
3. chemotaxis
4. phagocytosis

Question 23

exudate is made up of?

Answer 23

fluid, RBCs, WBCs and tissue debris

Question 24

accumulation of exudates causes?

Answer 24

swelling and pain

Question 25

the 5 classic signs of inflammation?

Answer 25

redness, swelling, heat, pain, and loss of function.

Question 26

chronic inflammation is inflammation lasting...

Answer 26

2 weeks or longer

Question 27

chronic inflammation phagocytic cells

Answer 27

neutrophils die, leukocytes are activated

Question 28

what is the first stage of wound healing

Answer 28

inflammation

Question 29

what is the 2nd phase of wound healing

Answer 29

proliferation and new tissue formation

Question 30

3rd phase of wound healing?

Answer 30

remodeling and maturation phase

Question 31

wounds that heal under conditions of minimal tissue loss

Answer 31

primary intention

Question 32

wounds that require a lot of tissue replacement

Answer 32

secondary intention

Question 33

A large blood cell produced in the bone marrow. Migrates via the blood stream to site of cellular injury where it becomes a macrophage

Answer 33

Monocyte

Question 34

Large cell involved in the later phagocytosis or foreign particles and the secretion of substances that promote wound healing.

Answer 34

Macrophage

Question 35

The predominant phagocytic cell in the early inflammatory response whose primary role is removal of bacteria from wounds

Answer 35

Neutrophil

Question 36

Lysosome containing granulocyte which dissolves the surface membrane of parasites

Answer 36

Eosinophil

Question 37

Histamine containing cell which is the most important activator of the inflammatory response

Answer 37

Mast cell

Question 38

A cell that helps to stop bleeding at the injury site

Answer 38

Platelet

Question 39

What mitochondrial damage occurs with cell injury?

Answer 39

ATP depletion

Question 40

How does cellular injury result in damage to the cell membrane

Answer 40

- Na/K pump fails - water gets into cell (swells) - Calcium entry into cell causes further damage

Question 41

What ribosome damage occurs with cellular injury?

Answer 41

protein misfolding