Class 23

Question 1

Inflammatory process of the external female genitalia, often caused by irritants

Answer 1

vulvitis

Question 2

inflammation of the lining of the uterus

Answer 2

endometritis

Question 3

Candida albicans infection is common in those who?

Answer 3

have been taking antibiotics, have DM or or taking birth control pills

Question 4

what causes a thick, cheesy like discharge?

Answer 4

candid albicans (yeast infection)

Question 5

Candida albicans causes?

Answer 5

vaginitis

Question 6

Parasite that causes vaginitis

Answer 6

trichomonas

Question 7

Inflammation/infection of the Fallopian tubes

Answer 7

salpingitis. Often ends in adhesions and scarring and thus infertility

Question 8

Mastitis

Answer 8

infection or inflammation of the breast tissue

Question 9

This type of infection has a wedge shaped appearance and will only involve one quadrant of the breast tissue

Answer 9

mastitis

Question 10

• Acute inflammatory process of any organ of the upper reproductive tract
• Most common and most serious consequence of STI (gonorrhea and chlamydia)
• Can lead to infertility or ectopic pregnancy, painful intercourse

Answer 10

Pelvic inflammatory disease

Question 11

Complications of PID

Answer 11

• adhesions

- Fallopian tube and ovarian involvement

Question 12

What are the risk factors for PID

Answer 12

• Age (16-24)

- multiple sexual partners

Question 13

Urethritis

Answer 13

inflammation/infection of the urethra

Question 14

Balanitis

Answer 14

infection/inflammation of the glans itself

Question 15

Orchitis

Answer 15

inflammation of the testes

Question 16

What is a common cause of orchitis in post pubertal males?

Answer 16

mumps infection

Question 17

a sudden set of really severe fever, marked exhaustion, and unilateral or bilateral swelling of the scrotum, as well as leukocytosis

Answer 17

orchitis

Question 18

Complications of orchitis

Answer 18

• atrophy of the testes
• decreased spermatogenesis
• infertility

Question 19

an increase in the number or the formation of cysts and fibrous tissue in the breast itself

Answer 19

Fibrocystic changes (benign)

Question 20

What can increase fibrocystic changes?

Answer 20

use of caffeine

Question 21

The manifestations tend to wax and wane with the hormonal cycle. So a women tends to experience lumpy, bumpy, very tender breasts, and even sometimes some nipple discharges during certain parts of the menstrual cycle

Answer 21

Fibrocystic changes

Question 22

What is often the first signs of breast cancer?

Answer 22

a painless lump in the upper, outer quadrant of the breast

Question 23

What is the main difference between inflammatory breast cancer and breast infection?

Answer 23

with inflammatory breast cancer, the whole breast is involved

Question 24

a rare but aggressive type of breast cancer that develops rapidly and makes the affected breast look very red and swollen and very tender feeling

Answer 24

inflammatory breast cancer

Question 25

In which type of breast cancer is the lump usually absent?

Answer 25

inflammatory breast cancer (breast appears normal until tumour cells invade and block lymph nodes)

Question 26

What is the necessary precursor for the development of dysplasia and cervical cancer?

Answer 26

HPV

Question 27

What is the first sign of changes in cervical cancer

Answer 27

shiny white discolouration on the cervix

Question 28

What type of female cancer is slow growing and can be cured easily?

Answer 28

cervical cancer

Question 29

Endometrial cancer is a?

Answer 29

adenocarcinoma

Question 30

What is the most common cause of gynaecological cancer in women?

Answer 30

endometrial cancer

Question 31

Cancer that is known as the silent killer

Answer 31

ovarian cancer

Question 32

Hypospadias

Answer 32

when the urethra opens on the underside of the penis

Question 33

Epispadias

Answer 33

when the urethra opens on the upper surface of the penis

Question 34

Phimosis

Answer 34

when the foreskin is to tight to be moved backwards over the glans

Question 35

Paraphimosis

Answer 35

when the foreskin cannot be moved forwards over the glans once it has already been retracted

Question 36

Varicocele

Answer 36

abnormal dilation of veins in the spermatic cord

Question 37

Hydrocele

Answer 37

a collection of fluid in the outermost layer of the testes

Question 38

Cryptorchidism

Answer 38

an undescended teste

Question 39

Torsion of the testes

Answer 39

happens when the teste rotates on itself and cuts off blood supply

Question 40

Cystocele and urethrocele

Answer 40

the bladder and the anterior wall of the vagina is projects into the vaginal canal

Question 41

Primary amenorrhea

Answer 41

no menstrual cycle before the age of 14 along with no secondary sex characteristics

Question 42

Secondary amenorrhea

Answer 42

when a women misses 3 or more menstrual cycles