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CPPS 302 > Class 4 > Flashcards

Class 4 Flashcards

1
Q

ECG is a vector (T/F)

A

True

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2
Q

Wave of (depolarization/repolarization) Flows towards the positive recording electrode

A

Depolarization

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3
Q

Depolarization goes toward (upward/downward) deflection

A

Upward

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4
Q

Wave of (Depolarization/repolarization) Close towards the positive electrode

A

Repolarization

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5
Q

Repolarization goes toward (upward/downward) deflection 

A

Downward

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6
Q

Ventricular systole is about (-) duration

A

1/3

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7
Q

Ventricular diastolic is about (-) duration

A

2/3

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8
Q

P-wave is

A

Atrial depolarization

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9
Q

QRS complex is

A

Ventricular depolarization

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10
Q

T-wave is

A

Ventricular repolarization

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11
Q

U wave is

A

Repolarization of papillary muscles, delayed repolarization of Purkinje fibres

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12
Q

What is not seen on an ECG and why?

A

Atrial repolarization, overwhelmed by ventricular depolarization

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13
Q

PR interval

A

Atrial depolarization to the start of ventricular depolarization

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14
Q

Time required for the impulses generated by the SA node to initiate the depolarization of the ventricular septum

A

PR interval

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15
Q

PR segment

A

Time starts at the end of atrial depolarization to the start of ventricular depolarization

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16
Q

Length of segment related to time of delay for the action potential passing through the AV node

A

PR segment

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17
Q

QRS duration

A

Indicates duration of ventricular depolarization

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18
Q

Functional integrity of the ventricular conduction system and contractile myocardium

A

 QRS duration

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19
Q

What is in the ventricular conduction system

A
  • bundle of His
  • Bundle branches
  • Purkinje fibres
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20
Q

ST segment

A

End of ventricular depolarization and beginning of ventricular repolarization

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21
Q

The isoelectric line is which segment?

A

ST segment

22
Q

There is no electrical activity for the atria and ventricles in what segment?

A

ST segment

23
Q

QT interval

A

Time starts at beginning of ventricular depolarization to the end of ventricular repolarization

24
Q

Rough estimate of duration of ventricular action potential, is which interval?

A

QT interval

25
Which segment is directly correlated with heart rate?
QT interval
26
What could it mean if you have a short PR interval?
Wolf Parkinson white syndrome
27
What could it mean if you have a long PR interval?
A heart block, disruption of conduction
28
What could a wide QRS mean? (3)
One more branch block, ventricular rhythm, hyperkalaemia
29
What can a tall QRS complex mean
Ventricular hyper trophy
30
What is hyperkalemia?
High potassium concentration
31
What does hyperkalaemia due to an ECG?
Gives a wide QRS complex
32
What will an increase in extra cellular potassium levels cause? In regards to membrane potential
Partial depolarization of the membrane potential’s
33
What are fast sodium channels?
Voltage gated aNachannels
34
Sodium channels have both activation and activation gates. Is activation closed or open? Is in activation closed or open?
Activation is closed at resting state, inactivation is open at resting state
35
At the end of depolarization, the inactivated gates will do what?
Close themselves
36
After the in activated gates close, what happens?
Repolarization will begin
37
As the membrane potential approaches resting state during repolarization, what do the in activation gates do?
Reset themselves and start opening their gated
38
Opening of the inactivation gate will normally follow by
The closing of the activation gates
39
Opening of the inactivation gate will normally follow by the closing of the activation gates when?
When the membrane potential is returning to resting state
40
How do you calculate QT interval?
QTc = QT/ Root RR
41
Why do you need to calculate correlated QT?
It is closely related to heart rate
42
What could deviation from the isoelectric line mean?
Acute myocardial ischaemia
43
ST segment elevation could mean
Epicardial ischaemia
44
Depression of the ST segment could mean
Endocardial ischaemia
45
What could an inverted T-wave indicate? (3)
Myocardial ischemia, intraventricular conduction delay, anxiety attack
46
Normally, an ECG contains how many limb leads and how many chest leads?
6 and 6
47
What are the names of the six limb leads?
I, II, III, AVR, AVL, and AVF
48
What are the six chestleads called?
V1, V2, V3, V4, V5, and V6
49
Leads one, two, and three are known as
Bipolar limb leads
50
Where is lead one?
Negative lead at right arm, positive lead at left arm
51
Where is lead to?
Negative lead at right arm, positively lead at left leg
52
Where is lead three?
Negative lead at left arm, positive lead at left leg

CPPS 302 (14 decks)

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