Class #4 - Allergies

Question 1

Most common allergy?

Answer 1

Hay Fever=allergic rhinitis, 50% will develop asthma

Question 2

Coumpoud in tamato?

Answer 2

salicilate

Question 3

Salicilates?

Answer 3

Group of compound: in tomato, willow bark.

Question 4

ASA in nature?

Answer 4

No precursors are in nature. Salicin in willow bark.

Question 5

Allergy def?

Answer 5

Adverse reaction to a substance. A mistake by immune system for chemical that are usually harmless. Where IgE antibodies are involved.

Question 6

% of pop. allergies.

Answer 6

12-20% suffer from allergies, richer countries

Question 7

Why more allergies in advance countries?

Answer 7

Hypothesis: B/C more chemicals in our envir.

Question 8

Anaphylaxis

Answer 8

Shot down of circulatory system. Ultimate allergic reaction.

Question 9

Atopy?

Answer 9

Genetic tendency to develop classic allergies. If children manifest Sx go on in adult life to develop more allergy.

Question 10

Hay fever allergy to?

Answer 10

Rag weed pollen, not hay, b/c hay is just dried plants.

Question 11

Actual allergies to hay?

Answer 11

No, to mold in the hay, not the actual hay.

Question 12

Rag weed pollen equivalent to?

Answer 12

Male sperm, usually 2nd half of august

Question 13

Rag weed allergy weird Sx?

Answer 13

Geographic tongue, not painful.

Question 14

Allergy to cat/dog what?

Answer 14

Proteins in the cat saliva which contain dead skin cells.

Question 15

Black cat more allergenic?

Answer 15

True

Question 16

Dust mites can cause allergy? Where are they? Dust allergy?

Answer 16

yes, everywhere, dust mites poop.

Question 17

Total allergy syndrome = 21th allergy disease?

Answer 17

So many allergies, have to line their house to aluminum foil? They have to withdrawal from society. Rare, real condition. Have a psychological component.

Question 18

To have an anaphylactic reaction?

Answer 18

Must have a previous exposure, to have the Ig in your body.

Question 19

Asthma rate have… since 1980?

Answer 19

Double, b/c have greater chemical exposure, bigger population.

Question 20

Experiment with asthmatic?

Answer 20

When told would make asthma worst = actual inflammation

Question 21

Hygiene Hypothesis?

Answer 21

Increase allergies/asthma, b/c immune system is not exposed to real potential invaders early in life. What to use your bullets against real invaders.

Question 22

Study 2800 school children’s results.

Answer 22

Less allergies when exposed to worms in young life.

Question 23

Kids and their siblings that attend day care are

Answer 23

less likely to develop allergy, leukemia,

Question 24

Why exposure reduce allergy?

Answer 24

Hypo: b/c endotoxins from B alerts immune system

Question 25

Food allergies affect ... % of population?

Answer 25

4%

Question 26

1.Allergies vs 2.intolerance

Answer 26

1. Immune system involved with IgE. Also can be provoked by very small amount of a substance 2. Eg. Lactose intolerance, don't have lactase. So not an antibody mediated reaction.

Question 27

Most common food allergy

Answer 27

Fish and shelfish, milk, nuts.

Question 28

Tetrazine, yellow #5 give?

Answer 28

Gut reaction allergy

Question 29

Allergic to .... in

Answer 29

proteins

Question 30

Rx

Answer 30

Epinephrine: dilate bronchial tube and increase circulation. | Antihistamine doesnt reverse anaphylactic reaction.

Question 31

Exposure importance, window of opportunity to protect against peanut allergy is?

Answer 31

When you are exposed as a kid. Peanut = 5months, but need to be sure dont already have a history of atopy.

Question 32

Can develop allergy at any time of your life?

Answer 32

True

Question 33

Contact dermatitis 2 types?

Answer 33

Irritant (big amount, present in generalized population. Eg sufuric acid) and Immune system mediated (small amount. Eg poison ivy)

Question 34

Allergen in poison ivy

Answer 34

Urushiol

Question 35

Allergy to nickel (cheap metal)?

Answer 35

From contact

Question 36

How to treat allergic dermatitis?

Answer 36

Hydrocostisol cream of benadryl.

Question 37

Rubber =

Answer 37

latex

Question 38

Allergies to papaye or banana?

Answer 38

molecularly close to rubber tree, so increase risk of allergies to latex.

Question 39

Aquagenous puritis

Answer 39

allergy to water on the skin

Question 40

Photoallergy

Answer 40

Allergy to something when exposed to sunlight.

Question 41

Cell in immune system

Answer 41

Mastcell with IgE antibodies on its surface, release histamine when exposed to antigen(allergen)

Question 42

Mastcell explode when releasing

Answer 42

histamine

Question 43

IgG responible for?

Answer 43

Protection against antigens.

Question 44

To protect against histamine reactions? First one?

Answer 44

Antihistaminic which is an antagonist : First one was Chlorpheniramine

Question 45

Problem with antihistamines? | First non-drowsines antihistamine, why not in market?

Answer 45

Induce drowsiness | Serious side effect with other medication, but now have a bunch of non-drowsiness antihistaminics.

Question 46

How to solve allergies?

Answer 46

Avoidance, antihistamine, immunotherapy

Question 47

Natural cure?

Answer 47

``` Butterburr plant, Rx is called petadolex. Less effective. Stinging nettle (case irritant reaction), but purified has mild antihistamine effect. ```

Question 48

Asthma responsible compound?

Answer 48

Leukotrienes

Question 49

Rx PO asthma

Answer 49

Antileukotienes (montelukast, called that b/c developped in Montreal)

Question 50

Asthma rescue inhalers?

Answer 50

Adrenalin receptor agonists, used b/c dilate bronchial tubes. Called Ventolin, salbutamol. Used in asthma attack. Also cause cardiac stimulation.

Question 51

Before ventolin Rx

Answer 51

Isoproterenal. Very effective, strong cardiac effectc, but took 20 seconds before acting, so pt would take too much

Question 52

Rx to prevent asthma attack

Answer 52

Steroids, prevent inflammation (Flovent, Pulmicort)

Question 53

Both Adrenalin agonist and steroids?

Answer 53

Advair

Question 54

Allergy testing problem

Answer 54

Positive skin test and still not have reaction when eaten.

Question 55

Allergy shots?

Answer 55

Give allergen parenterally, and this triggers IgG reaction, which is not attached to mast cell. Not super effective.