Class #9 - Mental illness

Question 1

Mental illness affects?

Answer 1

1/4 people

Question 2

Lunatics origins?

Answer 2

Moon causing craziness

Question 3

Amanda Feilding 70s?

Answer 3

Own trepanation, claims higher consciousness

Question 4

Peter Halvorson advocate for?

Answer 4

Hole in head

Question 5

Freud definition of mental illness?

Answer 5

Struggle between consciousness and uncon.

Question 6

1780 Luigi Galvani? Also found out?

Answer 6

Frog Leg twitches with static electricity. His body was releasing electricity

Question 7

Alessandro Volta?

Answer 7

1st batteries with 2 dissimilar metals where paper with water and salt was placed between.

Question 8

Otta Loewi 1920s? Experiment? Discovered?

Answer 8

Stimulated heart of frog by stimulating vagus nerve with electricity slows the heart rate. Allowed a solution connected to a second heart and that made the 2nd heartbeat.
Neurotransmitters.

Question 9

First NT isolated? Does what to heart?

Answer 9

Acetylcholine, slow HR.

Question 10

Rx Reserpine causes? comes from?

Answer 10

NT (monoamines) to leak out of vesicle slowly = >HR.

Snakeroot (plant)

Question 11

Amphetamines causes?

Answer 11

NE/Dopamine flood out of synapse.

Question 12

Tricyclic?

Answer 12

Impairs reuptake of NE and Serotonin (not selective to serotonin)

Question 13

MAOI?

Answer 13

Impairs breakdown of MAO.

Question 14

Neuroleptics?

Answer 14

Block receptors for dopamine

Question 15

Schizo def?

Answer 15

“Loss contact with reality” “hallucinations” “Delusions of persecutions”

Question 16

Henri Laborit (France) 1952 experiment?

Answer 16

Death surgery table why?
Hypo: b/c of histamines?
Promethazine (Phenergan): Anti-his., did not reduce death, but calmed pts.
He tried it on schizo and this trigged research.

Question 17

Henri Laborit also first anti-histamine successful on schizo? Why? Conclusions? AE?

Answer 17

Chlorpromazine (Thorazine). Block dopamine. Conclusion schizo caused by excess dopamine. Parkinsons like Sx.

Question 18

Parkinson cause?

Answer 18

Dopamine deficiency

Question 19

Nathan Kline (USA) tried?

Answer 19

Reserpine on schizo. and it worked.

Question 20

Perphenazine difference with chlorpromazine?

Answer 20

More potent

Question 21

Haldol action? advantage with perphenazine? Works on everyone?

Answer 21

Block dopamine. Less AE. Calming effect.

Question 22

% of schizo that can function normally nowadays?

Answer 22

25%

Question 23

Clinical depression 4 characteristics?

Answer 23

Hopelessness, pessimism, uselessness, no reason to feel that way.

Question 24

The first antidepressant resulted from? Name? Mec of action? class?

Answer 24

Research for improved chlorpromazine. Imipramine. Block reuptake of serotonin/NE Tricyclic.

Question 25

Called tricyclic b/c?

Answer 25

3 benzene ring.

Question 26

Amitriptyline is?

Answer 26

Tri.

Question 27

Tricyclic AE? why?

Answer 27

Anticholinergic: Dry mouth, blurred vision Antiadrenergic: Irregular heart beat. B/C also block cholinergic and NE receptors.

Question 28

Prozac first? AE?

Answer 28

SSRI's. N, anxiety, sleep disturbance, sex dysfunction.

Question 29

SSRIs eg.?

Answer 29

Sertraline, Travadone, Citalopram

Question 30

Prozac bad press? Also would increase? Proven?

Answer 30

1989 Louisville shooting, the murderer on Prozac? Suicide risk? Never proven.

Question 31

Scientology against?

Answer 31

Antipsychotic drugs.

Question 32

Prozac also used to treat?

Answer 32

OCD

Question 33

% of people with Tourette also have OCD?

Answer 33

50%

Question 34

% of pop with OCD?

Answer 34

2%

Question 35

Tourette's syndrome explained by?

Answer 35

George Gilles de la Tourette. Involuntary tics and vocalizations

Question 36

Obsessions def?

Answer 36

Unwanted, unreasonable, intrusive thoughts. Often about contamination, symmetry, "perfection"

Question 37

Compulsion def?

Answer 37

Acts upon obsessions.

Question 38

Trichomania def? fun fact?

Answer 38

Playing with hair all the time. birds can have that.

Question 39

OCD causes?

Answer 39

Chemical imbalance. Seizures, strokes, TBI's can trigger OCD.

Question 40

"Gourmand Syndrome"

Answer 40

After stroke, all thoughts about food.

Question 41

When OCD treated in brain scan?

Answer 41

reduction in caudate nucleus activity, just like treated addicts.

Question 42

Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorder Associated with Streptococcus (PANDAS)?

Answer 42

OCD triggered by Strep. in child.

Question 43

Meds for OCD?

Answer 43

SSRI's especially Anafranil. 30% improved Sx.

Question 44

Behavioral therapy how it works?

Answer 44

Force people to do things they fear for, 1-20 sessions can improve overall Sx.

Question 45

Another therapy that works?

Answer 45

Confrontational therapy.

Question 46

History of MAOI's? Discoverer?

Answer 46

Tuberculosis -> Iproniazid anti-tuberculosis -> Also made them happy -> Nathan Kline tried on depressed pts

Question 47

Problem with MAOIs?

Answer 47

Old cheese contains Tyramine = HTA if not broken down with MOA.

Question 48

History of Lithium as bipolar treatment.

Answer 48

John Cade noticed maniac/depressed pattern in Jap WWII prison camp -> injected in guinea pig urine of pt in maniac phase -> died more quickly than when in depressed phase. Hypo: b/c of uric acid in urine? Made a salt with lithium for his base and it calmed down guinea pig and pts.

Question 49

Lithium mec of action? AE?

Answer 49

Block synthesis of Inositol which plays a role in conducting electricity in brain. AE: N, trembling hands

Question 50

1st antianxiety Rx? Problem?

Answer 50

Barbiturates. Too sedative and addictive.

Question 51

Researcher for first Benzo? and how?

Answer 51

Frank Berger test Rx for ATB activity -> Tried Mephenosin -> musc relaxant and anti-anx, but to many AE. Stimulated research. Meprobamate -> Librium -> Valium

Question 52

Weed antidepressant molecule?

Answer 52

CBD