Class 9: Digestive System

Question 1

most absorption takes place in the

Answer 1

SI

Question 2

name the two anatomical subdivisions of the digestive system

Answer 2

• digestive tract (alimentary canal)

- accessory organs

Question 3

GI tract is lined with

Answer 3

lumen

Question 4

within the lumen, the lining is made up of …

Answer 4

stratified squamous epithelium

Question 5

middle layer of GI tract is composed of…

Answer 5

smooth muscle

Question 6

nervous system for the GI tract…

Answer 6

enteric nervous system-controlled by medulla oblongata

Question 7

serosa is…

Answer 7

the tough fibrous wrapping around the GI tract

Question 8

smooth muscle (muscularis externa) is responsible for…

Answer 8

peristalsis

Question 9

which plexuses go to the enteric nervous system?

Answer 9

• submucosal

- mysenteric

Question 10

Auerbach plexus is…

Answer 10

the nerves innervating the esophogus, stomach, and intestine

Question 11

auerbach plexus is connected to which part of the brain?

Answer 11

medulla oblongata

Question 12

the enteric nervous system functions completely dependently/independently of the cns

Answer 12

independently

Question 13

Autonomic nervous system exerts a significant influence on the…

Answer 13

enteric nervous system

Question 14

motility and secretion of the digestive tract are controlled by

Answer 14

neural, hormonal, and paracrine mechanisms

Question 15

neural control- 2 types of reflexes

Answer 15

short, long

Question 16

hormones of digestive tracts

Answer 16

gastrin and secretin

Question 17

chemical messengers are secreted into the bloodstream and stimulate distant parts of the

Answer 17

digestive tract

Question 18

paracrine secretions are…

Answer 18

prostaglandins with a local effect

Question 19

components of saliva

Answer 19

salivary amylase, lingual lipase, mucus, lysozyme, immunoglobulin A, elecrolytes

Question 20

salivary amylase function

Answer 20

breaks down starches in the mouth

Question 21

lingual lipase function…

Answer 21

enzyme that is activated by stomach acid and digests fat after the food is swallowed

Question 22

mucus function

Answer 22

binds and lubricates the mass of food and aids in swallowing

Question 23

lysozyme function

Answer 23

enzyme that kills bacteria

Question 24

immunoglobulin A function

Answer 24

an antibody that inhibits bacterial growth

Question 25

average pH of saliva

Answer 25

6.8-7.0

Question 26

salivary gland in front of ear is called

Answer 26

parotid gland

Question 27

what squirts saliva into the cheek?

Answer 27

parotid duct

Question 28

pharynx is a...

Answer 28

muscular funnel that connects the oral cavity to the esophagus

Question 29

the pharynx allows the entrance of air from the

Answer 29

nasal cavity to the larynx

Question 30

esophogus is a...

Answer 30

straight muscular tube 25-30 cm long

Question 31

esophagus begins level with

Answer 31

C6 and the cricoid cartilage

Question 32

esophagus extends from the

Answer 32

pharynx to the cardiac orifice of the stomach

Question 33

esophagus passes through the

Answer 33

esophogeal hiatus

Question 34

the lower esophogeal sphincter causes food to...

Answer 34

pause at this point

Question 35

the stomach function

Answer 35

- mechanically breaks up food particles - liquifies the food - begins the chemical digestion of protein and fat

Question 36

chyme is

Answer 36

soupy or pasty mixture of semi-digested food in the stomach

Question 37

most digestion occurs after the chyme

Answer 37

passes on to the small intestine

Question 38

primary function of the stomach is for food...

Answer 38

storage

Question 39

four regions of the stomach

Answer 39

1-cardiac region 2- fundic region 3-body 4-pyloric region

Question 40

cardiac region of the stomach is located

Answer 40

small region within 3 cm of the cardiac orifice

Question 41

the fundic region of the stomach is the

Answer 41

dome-shaped portion of the stomach

Question 42

the body of the stomach makes up the...

Answer 42

greatest part of the stomach

Question 43

the pyloric region of the stomach is located

Answer 43

at the narrower pouch at the inferior end of the stomach

Question 44

vasovagal reflex is the collection of...

Answer 44

parasympathetic fibers from vagus and sympathetic fibers from celiac ganglia

Question 45

all blood that's drained from the stomach and intestines enters the

Answer 45

hepatic portal circulation

Question 46

blood from st and intest. is filtered through the .... before returning to the ...

Answer 46

liver, heart

Question 47

4 cells in gastric pit

Answer 47

1) mucous cells 2) parietal cells 3) chief cells 4) enteroendocrine cells

Question 48

mucous cells secrete... predominate in...

Answer 48

mucus, cardiac and pyloric glands

Question 49

parietal cells secrete

Answer 49

hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor

Question 50

chief cells secrete (most numerous)

Answer 50

lipase and pepsinogen

Question 51

enteroendocrine cells are concentrated in the

Answer 51

lower end of the gland

Question 52

hydrochloric acid converts... to ..., which breaks down... to .....

Answer 52

pepsinogen, pepsin, proteins, peptides

Question 53

intrinsic factor is a...

Answer 53

glycoprotein secreted by parietal cells

Question 54

intrinsic factor is essential to...

Answer 54

absorption of vitamin b12 by the SI

Question 55

vitamin B12 is needed to synthesize...

Answer 55

hemoglobin. Prevents pernicious anemia

Question 56

the only indispensable function of the stomach is

Answer 56

secretion of intrinsic factor

Question 57

meal emptied from stomach takes about

Answer 57

4 hours

Question 58

most ulcers are caused by what bacteria?

Answer 58

helicobacter pylori

Question 59

gastritis is.... that can lead to a

Answer 59

inflammation of the stomach, peptic ulcer

Question 60

functions of liver

Answer 60

-absorb glucose, amino acids, etc. from blood -remove and degrade hormones, toxins, etc -secrete into the blood stuff -

Question 61

between meals the liver

Answer 61

breaks down stored glycogen and releases glucose into the blood

Question 62

gallbladder function

Answer 62

stores and concentrates bile

Question 63

bile definition

Answer 63

a yellow-green fluid containing minerals, cholesterol, neutral fats, etc.

Question 64

gallstones are hard masses in either the... or..

Answer 64

gallbladder or bile ducts

Question 65

the pancreas is both a...

Answer 65

endocrine and exocrine gland

Question 66

endocrine portion of pancreas secretes

Answer 66

insulin and glucagon

Question 67

the exocrine portion of the pancreas

Answer 67

secretes pancreatic juice

Question 68

sodium bicarbonate raises

Answer 68

pH of acidic chyme in duodenum

Question 69

pancreatic amylase digests

Answer 69

starch

Question 70

pancreatic lipase digests

Answer 70

fat

Question 71

pancreatic protease digests

Answer 71

proteins

Question 72

acetylcholine comes from the

Answer 72

vagus and enteric nerves

Question 73

cholecystokinin is secreted by.... in response to the arrival of...

Answer 73

mucosa of duodenum, fats in SI

Question 74

secretin is released from.... in response to...

Answer 74

duodenum, acidic chyme arriving from the stomach

Question 75

3 parts of the stomach

Answer 75

duodenum, jejunum, ileum

Question 76

duodenum function

Answer 76

receives stomach contents, pancreatic juice, bile | neutralize stomach acid

Question 77

jejunum function

Answer 77

most digestion happens here

Question 78

ileum forms the last...

Answer 78

60% of the post-duodenal SI

Question 79

ileocecal valve is a sphincter formed by

Answer 79

the thickened muscle of the ileum

Question 80

the ileocecal valve protrudes into the

Answer 80

cecum

Question 81

function of ileocecal valve is to

Answer 81

regulate the passage of food residue into the large intestine

Question 82

lipids are absorbed by

Answer 82

lymphatic capillaries called lacteals

Question 83

sigmoid colon is the...

Answer 83

s-shaped portion leading down into the pelvis

Question 84

rectum is the portion...

Answer 84

ending at the anal canal

Question 85

the anal canal is the final...

Answer 85

3 cm of the LI