classic study: Baddeley 1966b

Question 1

What was the aim of Baddeley’s study?

Answer 1

To investigate whether long term memory encodes semantically or acoustically

Question 2

What was the sample?

Answer 2

75 young servicemen

Question 3

What did the participants go through before the procedure?

Answer 3

a hearing test

Question 4

How many pp’s were excluded before the procedure?

Answer 4

3
(72 pp’s left)

Question 5

What kind of experiment was it?

Answer 5

Lab exp

Question 6

What experimental design was used?

Answer 6

independent groups design

Question 7

How many conditions were there?

Answer 7

4

Question 8

What was the independent variable?

Answer 8

the type of similarity between words in a list

Question 9

What was the dependent variable?

Answer 9

score on word 10 word recall test in correct order

Question 10

How many words were there in each word list?

Answer 10

10 words

Question 11

What was list A?

Answer 11

Acoustically similar words (sound similar)

Question 12

What was list B?

Answer 12

Acoustically dissimilar words (sound different)

Question 13

What was list C?

Answer 13

semantically similar words (similar meanings)

Question 14

What was list D?

Answer 14

semantically dissimilar words (different meanings)

Question 15

How many participants were in condition A?

Answer 15

18

Question 16

How many participants were in condition B?

Answer 16

17

Question 17

How many participants were in condition C+D?

Answer 17

20

Question 18

What happened during the learning trials?

Answer 18

Pp’s presented aloud on tape 1 word for 3 secs with 40 secs to write down (in order) as many words they heard- this was carried out 4 times

Question 19

How long was the interval task and what was it?

Answer 19

20 mins of recalling sequences of 8 digits

Question 20

What happened after the interval task?

Answer 20

participants were unexpectedly asks to recall the words in the correct order without revision

Question 21

What were the results of the semantically similar words?

Answer 21

recall was poor, indicating similar meanings interfered with memory

Question 22

What were the results of acoustically similar words?

Answer 22

no significant impact on recall suggesting that LTM does not rely on sound

Question 23

What was the conclusion about the procedure?

Answer 23

it was not a true test of LTM which was being influenced by material stored in STM

Question 24

What was the conclusion about LTM?

Answer 24

LTM primarily encoded semantically, as words with similar meaning caused semantic confusion

Question 25

What were the 3 main weaknesses of generalisability? (G.r.a.v.e)

Answer 25

1. All servicemen 2. Androcentric- all men (can't be applied to women) 3. All from army-related experiences (done some services)

Question 26

How was the procedure standardised? (g.R.a.v.e)

Answer 26

All pp's were shown words for the same duration (3s) and same amount of words (10 words)

Question 27

What could be a weakness in the reliability? (g.R.a.v.e)

Answer 27

individual factors such as concentration and motivation could affect recall

Question 28

How can the results be useful in education and revision? (g.r.A.v.e)

Answer 28

Emphasises the importance of meaning-based learning

Question 29

How can the results be useful in improving long term recall? (g.r.A.v.e)

Answer 29

encoding in LTM is mostly semantic and can help to improve Long Term recall of info

Question 30

How does the study have high internal validity? (g.r.a.V.e)

Answer 30

controlled setting eliminated the extraneous variables

Question 31

How did the study have low ecological validity? (g.r.a.V.e)

Answer 31

Artificial task

Question 32

Were there any ethical issues? (g.r.a.v.E)

Answer 32

no