individual differences Flashcards
(7 cards)
How is the working memory an individual difference?
working memory has been linked to may cognitive functions that differ between individuals.
What did Baddeley in 2003 say about working memory?
people with greater working memory capacity score higher on intelligence tests, better at mental arithmetic, spelling, note-taking and giving directions.
What is the positive correlation for WM?
found between the capacity of WM and reading comprehension
What about Reconstructive Memory is an individual difference?
Schemas which are built from experiences of the world and everyone’s experiences differ which is why the contents of schemas are not identical from one person to another.
We all have different knowledge, expectations and beliefs derived from experience. People will have different schemas for what should’ve happened or what you expected to happen
What is the research from Elizabeth Loftus (1993) in support of reconstructive memory?
research into false memories it looked at convincing pp’s of a false memory from their childhood. She successfully managed to implement the false memory in over 40% of participants
What does Brenda Kirchoff (2009) say about encoding as an individual difference?
People use different encoding strategies in memory (E.G: semantic, acoustic) that reflects differences in brain activity when information is encoded.
This suggests there may be individual differences in the importance of the acoustic encoding in the STM and semantic encoding in LTM.
What was Palombo’s (2012) research find about gender differences in memory?
She conducted a survey of memory by measuring episodic, semantic spatial and prospective. Her findings suggested that people who score high/low on E.M also scored high/low on S.M.
This would suggest we have either good/bad memory and no in between.
Her research found that men have stronger spatial memory whereas females have stronger episodic memory
