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Biology > Classification > Flashcards

Classification Flashcards

1
Q

What is biodiversity?

A

A measure of the variety of living organisms and their genetic differences

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2
Q

What are the 8 levels of classification?

A

Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

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3
Q

Why do we classify?

A

To have an internationally recognised way to refer to any particular living organism and understand how different types of living organisms are related to each other

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4
Q

What is taxonomy?

A

The science of describing, classifying and naming organisms

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5
Q

What are the 3 domains?

A

Archaea, Bacteria, Eukaryota

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6
Q

What are the 5 kingdoms and what does kingdom mean?

A

Animal, Plant, Fungi, Protist, Prokaryote
-a large group of organisms with few characteristics in common

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7
Q

What is a species?

A

A group of organisms that freely interbreed to produce fertile offspring and where genes can flow between the organisms
-a small group of organisms with lots of characteristics in common

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8
Q

What is a breed?

A

A group of animals of the same species that have different characteristics that make them different to other members of that species

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9
Q

What is a variety?

A

A group of plants of the same species that have different characteristics that make them different to other members of that species

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10
Q

How do you use the binomial system?

A

-The first name is the genus (uppercase letter)
-The second name is the species (lowercase letter)
-Must be written in italics

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11
Q

What are the limitations of species models?

A

-Finding the evidence is time consuming and expensive to set up a breeding programme
-Many organisms do not reproduce sexually
-Fossil organisms cannot reproduce and
often do not have accessible DNA but they still need to be classified

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12
Q

Why do we need to identify individual species?

A

-Understand the biodiversity of an ecosystem and try to protect it
-Understand evolutionary history
-Work out if a species is pathogenic and may lead to a pandemic
-Test for food contamination

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13
Q

What is the hierarchy of taxonomy?

A

-Consists of a series of groups within groups
-No overlap between groups
-The groups are based on shared features

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14
Q

What do scientists use to classify?

A

-Anatomical/physical features
-Fossil evidence
-Biochemical analysis of proteins
-Biochemical analysis of DNA

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15
Q

How is new evidence for evolution validated?

A

By the scientific community when it is submitted to a scientific journal to be peer reviewed by experts in the field

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16
Q

What are the characteristics of the bacteria domain?

A

-Peptidoglycan in the cell wall
-Membrane lipids
-Ribosomes
-Plasmids
-RNA polymerase
-Some are methogens (produce methane)
-Some conduct chlorophyll based photosynethsis
-No nucleus and no unused sections in genes

17
Q

What are the characteristics of the archaea domain?

A

-Ribosomes
-RNA polymerase
-Ribosomes sensitive to the diptheria toxin
-Some are methogens
-No nucleus and genes contain unused sections in DNA

18
Q

What are the characteristics of the eukaryote domain?

A

-Has a nucleus with unused sections in genes
-Membrane organelles
-Membrane lipids
-Ribosomes
-RNA polymerase
-Ribosomes sensitive to the diptheria toxin
-Some conduct chlorophyll based photosynethesis

19
Q

What is evolution?

A

The process by which different kinds of living organisms are believed to have developed from earlier forms during the history of the earth

20
Q

What is bioinformatics?

A

The development of software and computing tools needed to organise and analyse raw biological data

21
Q

What are DNA bar codes?

A

Looking at short genetic sequences from a part of the genome common to particular groups of organisms

22
Q

What is DNA sequencing?

A

The process by which the base sequence of all or part of the genome of an organism is worked out

23
Q

What is DNA profiling?

A

The process by which the non-coding areas of DNA are analysed to identify patterns

24
Q

Which models are used to classify species?

A

-Ecological species model
-Mate recognition species model
-Genetic species model
-Evolutionary species model

25
Q

What is the morphological species concept?

A

Looking at the appearance of the organisms and how similar their appearances are

Biology (10 decks)

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