Clin med 5 final Flashcards
(193 cards)
0
Q
what can dead worms cause
A
pulmonary thrombosis and hypertension
1
Q
what is valve stenosis
A
murmur due to velocity of blood through stenotic valve
2
Q
HARD in cats
A
heartworm assosiated respiratory disease
3
Q
what can heartworm disease result in
A
right sided heart failure
4
Q
how do you kill microfilaria in dogs
A
ivermectin
5
Q
neoplasmic cardiac disease
A
hemangiosarcoma
6
Q
what is common in aortic and pulmonic valves
A
valve stenosis
7
Q
cat test for adult hw
A
antigen and antibody
8
Q
what are cough, exercise intolerance, dyspnea, weakness, and syncope symptoms of
A
cardiac disease
9
Q
how do you kill adult hw in dogs
A
immiticide
10
Q
who commonly has DCM
A
old age dogs (doberman)
11
Q
dog test for adult hw
A
antigen
12
Q
when should a dog be tested for hw
A
6 months old, missed dose, seasonally
13
Q
what do left sided heart failure symptoms relate to
A
fluid buildup in respiratory system
14
Q
what does endocarditis usually affect
A
mitral valve
15
Q
most common patellar luxation
A
medial
16
Q
what is hypertension caused by
A
renal disease
17
Q
clinical signs of left sided heart failure
A
pulmonary edema, cough, crackles
18
Q
how long is the heartworm life cycle
A
6 months
19
Q
when should heartworm prevention be started
A
6-8 weeks
20
Q
in hip dysplasia, what does the femoral head move along
A
acetabulum
21
Q
valve stenosis carriers
A
large breeds
22
Q
what side of heart failure is most common
A
left sided
23
Q
what is the most effective DJD surgical tx
A
total hip replacement
24
what do right sided heart failure symptoms relate to
fluid buildup in the body (plural effusion)
25
how do you kill microfilaria in cats
microfilaricide
26
what can cause DCM in cats
taurine deficiency
27
what is the electrical impulse path
SA, AV, bundle of his, purkinje fibers
28
infectious cardiac disease
endocarditis
29
DJD aka
osteoarthritis
30
dogs predisposed to bone tumors
rottweiler, greyhound, males 7 years or older
31
cause of panosteitis
unknown; virus suspected
32
4 parts of the musculoskeletal system
bones, muscle, joints, nerves
33
CCl surgery recovery
4 weeks bed rest
4 weeks controlled exercise
+/- bandage
34
overstretched muscle without swelling
strain
35
what results in DJD
hip dysplasia
36
who is osteochondrosis dissecans common in
3-18 mo old dogs and large breed animals
37
injury or tear to this ligament is the most common cause of acute hind limb lameness in large breed dogs
cranial cruciate ligament
38
what DJD creates a false joint and is the main reason to alleviate pain
femoral head ostectomy
39
symptoms include megaesophagus, voice change, dilated pupils, weak facial muscles
myasthenia gravis
40
who is ununited anconeal process common in
German Shepard Dog
41
what is the best option of CCL surgery
TPLO-tibial plateau leveling osteotomy
42
who is cranial cruciate ligament rare in
cats
43
what 3 views are required for Penn Hip radiograph
distraction view, compression view, ventrodorsal hip extended view
44
where is a bone tumor mainly located
away from the elbow, near the knee
45
who is osteoarthritis most common in
older dogs
46
what are the 2 common types of CCL and who has them
acute-young athletic dogs
| chronic-old overweight dogs
47
CCL surgery concerns
opposite leg affected in 1 year and DJD will happen
48
most common disease of MS system
obesity
49
what does declaw surgery remove
claw and 3rd phalanx
50
what is masticatory muscle myositis
immune-mediated myoopathy
51
most common bone tumor in dogs and cats
osteosarcoma 85-90%
52
how is DJD prevented
responsible breeding
53
DJD drug treatment
NSAIDS and tramadol
54
orthopedic foundation for animals radiograph positioning
ventrodorsal
55
what does the tensilon test check for
myasthenia gravis
56
what are the most frequently affected bones of panosteitis
humerus, ulna, radius, femur, tibia
57
what is the goal of CCL surgery
stabilize joint and minimize DJD
58
when does cranial cruciate ligament occur
during hyperextension
59
most important DJD treatment
weight loss
60
where is osteoarthritis most commonly found
hips
61
most common OCD joint
shoulder
62
what is osteochondrosis dissecans caused by
failure of cartilage to mature into bone
63
twisted joint with partial rupture of ligaents and possible damage to blood vessels, muscles, tendons, and nerves
sprain
64
how is wobbler syndrome treated
medically or surgical
65
when does panosteitis start
6-8 months
66
panosteitis aka
growing pain
67
what virus causes rabies
rhabdovirus
68
what does proprioception test (4)
knuckling, hopping, wheelbarrowing, walking coordination
69
what are the 2 types of deafness
conductive and neural
70
what part of the brain controls anger
cerebrum
71
what function does the vestibular system have (2)
balance and proprioception
72
what are cluster seizures
multiple seizures in a short time frame
73
what medications can be used to treat cognitive dysfunction
vitamins and anipryl(selegiine)
74
what is the most common cause of human exposure to rabies
bats
75
what cranial nerves does menace test
2 & 7
76
with a spinal cord injury from C1-T2 what is affected
front and rear legs
77
what is type I IVDD
acute injury
78
when are seizures considered an emergency
continued for more than 5-10 min. or repeated clusters
79
name 2 causes of encephalitis
rabies and distemper
80
why do we do a neuro exam
localize lesion, diagnosis, prognosis
81
human bite with non vaccinated animal
euthanazia
82
out of date animal is bitten by a rabid animal
euthanized or 180 day quarantine
83
what is rabies incubation period
3-8 weeks; up to 6 months
84
what cranial nerves does gag reflex test
9 & 10
85
what should be done with a biter who is up to date on rabies vaccine
10 day quarantine
86
where is peripheral nerve disease commonly found
brachial plexus and caudal cervical nerve roots
87
how long can a drug take to reach adequate levels in the bloodstream
7-10 days
88
what is the most common brain tumor in dogs and cats
maningioma
89
how soon do rabis symptoms usually occur in humans
30-50 days
90
what are the 2 main parts of the nervous system
central and peripheral
91
how are drug levels monitored
bloodwork, liver enzymes, diagnostic lab
92
with a spinal cord injury from S1-S3 what is affected
sciatic nerve and perineum
93
what is the most common cause of rabies in domestic animals on the east coast
raccoons
94
how do you treat discospondylitis
long term ABX and pain meds
95
what cranial nerves does oculo-vestibular
3, 4, 6, & 8
96
what is the most common cause of seizures in dogs
ideopathic epilepsy
97
what is the most common type of epilepsy
idiopathic/primary
98
what function does the brainstem have (2)
mental status, body function
99
what drug should not be used in seizure patients
acepromazine
100
what can missed doses of phenobarbitol lead to
seizures
101
how soon does death occur with rabies
within 10 days
102
name 2 long term seizure medications
potassium bromide and phenobarbitol
103
what should be done with a biter whos rabies vaccine is outdated
euthanized or (discuraged) 10 day quarantine
104
how is IVDD treated
medically or surgical
105
what is status epilepticus
actively seizing
106
what is the general prognosis for vestibular disease
good
107
with IVDD what function will be lost first
motor before secondary
108
how soon does death occur in humans exposed to rabies
within 3-20 days of symptoms
109
what is the medical treatment of hydrocephalus
feurosimide or manitol
110
what cranial nerves does PLR test
2 & 3
111
who is most likely to get wobbler syndrome
large breeds- Doberman and Great Dane; horses
112
with a spinal cord injury from T3-L3 what is affected
rear legs
113
what type of disease is distemper
viral
114
what cranial nerves does corneal reflex test
5 & 7
115
what is cerebellar hypoplasia linked to
panleukopenia in cats
116
human bite with vaccinated animal
10 day quarantine without vaccine
117
what do embolus symptoms depend on
location
118
what is a common neurologic disease in older dogs
brain tumor
119
up to date animal is bitten by a rabid animal
law requires a 90 day quarantine
120
what are the 2 types of IVDD
type I and type II
121
what function does the cerebellum have (2)
coordination and balance
122
what is type II IVDD
chronic degeneration
123
with a spinal cord injury from L4-S3 what is affected
rear legs and perineum
124
what does nystagmus, head tilt, circling, ataxia, nausea, and V+ indicate
vestibular disease
125
what do reflexes test
peripheral nerves or spinal cord only
126
where and when is prolactin secreted
anterior pituitary in last third of pregnancy
127
what could be wrong with a dog who has PU/PD, is depressed, anorexic, possible V+ and D+, discharge, and possible shock
pyometra
128
how long is a felines anestrus
2-6 weeks
129
when does diestrus occur
after mating and ovulation
130
how often does a felines estrous cycle occur
every 2-3 weeks until mating or spaying
131
define glactostasis
painful enlargement of gland
132
when is the transition to puppy/kitten food
4-6 weeks
133
foul vulvar discharge, acting sick, and lack of maternal behavior indicates what
metritis
134
how long can stage 1 of pregnancy last
up to 36 hours (6-12 avg)
135
ascending inflammation of the uterus
metritis
136
how is a cleft palate noticed
not growing and nose bubbles
137
what is uterine inertia
tired uterus
138
what is paraphimosis
inability to retract penis
139
how long is brown discharge seen in association with SIPS
12 weeks
140
what is the most common male reproductive disease
prostate disease
141
when should you first breed a dog
2 years in estrus
142
what is unique about animals ovaries
the left ovary is more caudal
143
when are physical changes of pregnancy seen
most obvious in last week
144
what is a omphalocele
protrusion of part of intestine through defect in abdominal wall at umbilicus
145
how long does stage 2 of pregnancy last in cats
4-36 hours
146
what stage of estrus does a pyometra occur
diestrus
147
how do you rule out a pseudocyesis
radiograph or ultrasound
148
what is a serious illness associated with low Ca levels
eclampsia
149
what does weakness, shaking, seizures, collapse, and death indicate
eclampsia
150
what is a pseudocyesis
pseudopregnancy
151
what disease is most common in puppies before puberty and rarely in adults
vaginitis
152
where is progesterone secreted
corpus luteum within ovary
153
BPH
begnine prostate hyperplasia (cause of prostate disease
154
what is a pyometra
hormone dysfunction complicated by ascending infection
155
how often should a kitten be born
20 min
156
how soon after a puppy should the placenta be delivered
5-15 min
157
when should the dewclaw be removed
2-5 days old
158
what is SIPS
subinvolution of placental sites
159
when is metritis seen
after parturition and with retained placenta/fetus
160
when is a dogs first "heat"
6-12 months
161
what tumors are uncommon in males and females
transmissible venereal
162
what color discharge may be seen with delivery and how long can it persist
green/black; 12-24 hours
163
what are the CS. of vaginitis
mimic UTI- vaginal licking, discharge, pollakiuria
164
how long is a felines metestrus
1-2 weeks is not ovulated
165
how long is a felines pseudopregnancy
40 days
166
when should vac. and deworming start
6-8 weeks
167
what is persistent frenulum
congenital problem- remnent fetal tissue
168
define agalactia
no milk production
169
what is a zoonotic bacterial infection
brucellosis
170
when is a male sexually active
10-12 months
171
when is a cats first "heat"
6-9 months old
172
when can a radiograph be used during pregnancy
45 days
173
how long does stage 2 of pregnancy last in dogs
24 hours (3-6 avg)
174
when can bloodwork be used during pregnancy
28 days
175
how often should a puppy be born
20-60 minutes (2 hours MAX)
176
how long is a felines proestrus
not usually seen, 1-3 days
177
how long is a felines estrus
8-10 days
178
how is metritis treated
oxytocin
179
what is blanoposthitis
inflammation of mucosal lining in prepuce
180
when can an ultrasound be used during pregnancy
28 days (earlier in cats)
181
mammary tumor malignancy rate in cats
80-90%
182
how is the ovary attached to the body wall
by a suspensory ligament that must be stretched or torn
183
what does prolapsed vaginal tissue at start of estrus indicate
vaginal hyperplasia
184
where and when is oxytocin secreted
posterior pituitary in last hours of pregnancy
185
when can the pregnancy be palpated
30-36 days (earlier in cats)
186
what is pollakiuria
increased frequency of urination
187
when does eclampsia occur
2-4 weeks after whelping in small dogs
188
how long is a felines full estrous cycle
1-3 weeks
189
how long is a canine or felines gestation
65 days (63 avg.)
190
brucellosis treatment
long term dox
191
how often should a baby nurse
every 2 hours
192
mammary tumor malignancy rate in dogs
50%
