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CLIN MICROSCOPY Flashcards

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1
Q

For overall evaluation of renal function

A

Urinalysis

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2
Q

Permits a detailed, in-depth assessment of renal status with an easily obtained specimen

A

Renalysis

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3
Q

Serves as a quick indicator of an individual’s glucose status and hepatic or biliary function

A

Renalysis

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4
Q

TESTS PERFORMED IN RENALYSIS

A

Physical examination
Chemical examination
Microscopic examination

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5
Q

Type of specimen (urinalysis)

A

Earl morning urine
Random urine
Fasting/post-prandial urine
Timed urine

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6
Q

Most preferred sample particularly for protein analysis
More concentrated from overnight retention in the bladder
Pregnancy test more accurate result

A

Early Morning Urine

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7
Q

Collected any time of the day; for routine analysis

A

Random urine

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8
Q

Glucose determination

A

Fasting/ post-prandial urine

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9
Q

Clearance test

A

Timed urine test

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10
Q

first few drops is discarded, the middle portion is collected, and the last few drops is discarded.

A

Clean midstream catch

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11
Q

collect it in urine bags. Usually used in unconscious patients, comatose, those in ICU, or babies.

A

Catheterization

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12
Q

Specimen must be analyzed within __ hour/s

A

one (1)

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13
Q

If urine analysis is delayed, specimen must be refrigerated at ___ Celsius not more than ___ hours

A

2-8degrees, 8 hours

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14
Q

There will be changes in the urine sample if it is not analyzed or examined immediately.

A

True

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15
Q

Unpreserved urine causes

A

Bacterial Multiplication

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16
Q

Bacterial multiplication will cause false positive (+) in ____

A

nitrite test

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17
Q

T or F| Urine analysis goes hand-in-hand with fecalysis

A

T

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18
Q

indication of the state of hydration of an individual

A

Color

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19
Q

Urine is
__% - solvent
__% - solute

A

95
5

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20
Q

We excrete waste to maintain ____

A

homeostsasis

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21
Q

Color of urine - hydrated

A

Light

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22
Q

Color of urine - more concentrated

A

Darker

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23
Q

Has little diagnostic significance and is not included in the routine laboratory result

A

Odor

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24
Q

Normal urine smells ____

A

aromatic

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25
Suggestive of the freshness of the urine sample Not important
Odor
26
Clarity/ transparency
Turbidity
27
Refers to the degree of cloudiness in urine
Turbidity
28
Depends on the pH and the presence of dissolved solids
Turbidity
29
In turbidity, normal urine is ____
clear and transparent
30
Types of turbidity
Clear slightly cloudy cloudy turbid
31
Indicates balance between fluid ingestion and water lost from lungs, sweat and intestines
Volume
32
In collecting urine sample, the volume needed in the bottle must be ____
1/2 - 3/4 of the bottle
33
According to WHO a person must urinate ___ times a day depending on the amount of intake of liquids
3-4
34
In cold temperature, we tend to urinate ___
More
35
In hot temperature, we tend to urinate ___
Less
36
Amount of urine can indicate of a pathotologic condition such as ____, ___, and ___.
polyuria, oliguria, and anuria
37
Excessive (may be associated with diabetes)
Polyuria
38
Scanty - less urination
Oliguria
39
Absence of urine output (kidney disease)
Anuria
40
Normal adult vol. of urine
750-2,000 mL/24hrs
41
Optimal vol. For accurate ru
10-12 mL aliquot
42
Normal values for specific gravity
1.005 – 1.030
43
Indication of the density of the fluid (solvent) depending on the concentration of dissolved total solids (solute)
Specific gravity
44
Measure the amount of solute dissolved in the solvent
Specific gravity
45
in specific gravity: more solute
High SG
46
in specific gravity: more water/ solvent
Low SG
47
Diabetes mellitus, congestive heart failure, dehydration, adrenal insufficiency, liver disease & Nephrosis
High SG
48
Diabetes insipidus, pyelonephritis & glomerulonephritis
Low SG
49
Refers to the logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration
pH
50
Normal pH of urine:
4.5 – 8.0
51
Acidity
<7
52
Alkalinity
>7
53
Contains test pads impregnated with reagents that specifically react with a test analyte and register a specified color change.
Reagent Strip Method
54
In microscopic examination _____ drops of urine sediment from a centrifuged urine is placed on a glass slide
1 – 2
55
Objective lenses used in microscopic examination
LPO and HPO
56
WBC and RBC are counted Crystals and other elements are graded (count)
Microscopic Examination
57
Glomerulonephritis, severe exercise, menstrual blood contamination and renal calculi obstruction
RBC: “Hematuria”
58
Pyelonephritis, UTI and inflammation
WBC “pyuria”
59
Cells sloughed off the lining of the nephrons and urinary tract Squamous
Epithelial cells
60
Formed by the precipitation of urine salts subjected to changes in pH, temperature or concentration
Crystals: “crystalluria”
61
May collect and aggregate together to form renal stone or ___
calculus
62
Formed within distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct Hyaline, granular and cellular
Casts
63
Often encountered in urine of both male and female but usually not reported (sexual intercourse or nocturnal emissions)
Spermatozoa
64
reported in cases of rape
Spermatozoa
65
Budding RBC-like cells (diabetes mellitus and Vaginal Moniliasis)
Yeast Cells (Candida albicans)
66
Enterobius vermicularis, Trichomonas vaginalis, Schistosoma haematobium
Parasites
67
Gram (-) coliforms Escherichia coli and Proteus sp.
Bacteria
68
Protein material produced by glands and epithelial cells in the genitourinary tracts
Mucus Threads
69
Thread-like structures with low refractive index requiring observation under subdued light
Mucus Threads

PMLS (12 decks)

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