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MICROBIOLOGY Flashcards

(101 cards)

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1
Q

The study of organisms too small to be seen by the unaided eye

A

Microbiology

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2
Q

Study of microbes

A

Microbiology

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3
Q

Study of microbial pathogens considered health threats to people

A

Clinical Microbiology

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4
Q

Examination and identification of organisms through laboratory tests

A

Diagnostic Microbiology

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5
Q

Practical application and use of beneficial microorganisms in food processing

A

Food Microbiology

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6
Q

the study of parasites

A

PARASITOLOGY

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7
Q

the study of fungi

A

MYCOLOGY

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8
Q

the study of bacteria

A

BACTERIOLOGY

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9
Q

the study of viruses

A

VIROLOGY

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10
Q

Diseases are caused by different types of rapidly multiplying minute body and that these bodies are transferred from the infector to the infected in three ways

A

GIROLAMO FRACASTORO

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11
Q

Father of Bacteriology and Protozoology

A

ANTON VAN LEEUWENHOEK

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12
Q

Discovered many life forms he called animalcules’

A

ANTON VAN LEEUWENHOEK

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13
Q

Made a single lens microscope which enabled the study of minute organisms

A

ANTON VAN LEEUWENHOEK

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14
Q

Disputed the Theory of Spontaneous Generation.

A

FRANCESCO REDI

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15
Q

Living organisms can evolve in non-living organisms

A

Theory of Spontaneous Generation.

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16
Q

Performed an experiment on decaying meat in 1668.

A

FRANCESCO REDI

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17
Q

There must be a “life force” that causes inanimate matter to spontaneously come to life

A

JOHN NEEDHAM

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18
Q

Boiled nutrient fluids in a flask then tightly sealed with cork - Microbial growth

A

JOHN NEEDHAM

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19
Q

Observed that microbes move through the air as possible source of contamination and can be destroyed by boiling.

A

LAZZARO SPALLANZANI

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20
Q

Infusions heated in sealed vial - No Microbial growth

A

LAZZARO SPALLANZANI

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21
Q

Developed the principles of vaccination, microbial fermentation, and pasteurization

A

LOUIS PASTEUR

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22
Q

Pioneer of antiseptic surgery

A

JOSEPH LISTER

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23
Q

Introduced the use of carbolic acid (phenol)

A

JOSEPH LISTER

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24
Q

chemical sterilizing agent for surgical instruments

A

Carbolic Acid (phenol)

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25
Credited for the Gram staining technique
HANS CHRISTIAN GRAM
26
two major groups of bacteria:
Gram-positive Gram-negative
27
Discovered the first antibiotic, Penicillin G
ALEXANDER FLEMING
28
Penicillin G, from a mold ____
Penicillium notatum (fungi)
29
Established the theory of etiologic agents cause diseases by providing experimental steps used to prove that a specific microbe causes a specific disease.
ROBERT KOCH
30
4 generalize principles linking specific microorganisms to specific diseases that remain today as the "gold standard" in medical microbiology
Koch's postulates
31
The lipoprotein layer that surrounds the cytoplasm
CELL MEMBRANE
32
Regulates the transport of solutes in and out of the cell
CELL MEMBRANE
33
The semi-rigid casing that provides structural shape and support to the cell
CELL WALL
34
Site of protein synthesis
RIBOSOMES
35
Gives granular structure to the cytoplasm
RIBOSOMES
36
The region where the DNA is concentrated
NUCLEOID
37
Protective layer of a bacterium that resist phagocytosis (destruction by a macrophage) and desiccation (drying)
CAPSULE
38
Hair-like proteinaceous structures that extend from the cell membrane into the external environment
PILI
39
Neisseria gonorrheae has two types:
SOMATIC PILI SEX PILI
40
The structure that allows the bacteria to move
FLAGELLUM
41
absence of flagellum
ATRICHOUS
42
one polar flagellum
MONOTRICHOUS
43
single flagellum on both ends
AMPHITRICHOUS
44
tuft of flagella on either end or both ends
LOPHOTRICHOUS
45
flagella all around the organism
PERITRICHOUS
46
Food reserves of the bacteria
INCLUSION BODIES
47
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
Babes-Ernst bodies
48
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Much's granules
49
Nocardia and Actinomyces species
Sulfur granules
50
Yersinia pestis
Bipolar bodies
51
Structures that allow the bacteria to resist sterilization
SPORES
52
Clostridium tetani
TERMINAL
53
Clostridium botulinum
SUBTERMINAL
54
Bacillus anthracis
CENTRAL
55
(COCCI)
Spheres
56
(Bacilli)
Rods
57
BACTERIAL FORMS
Spheres (COCCI) Rods (Bacilli) Spirals
58
Bacillus anthracis
ANTHRAX
59
Clostridium botulinum
Botulism/food poisoning
60
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
Diphtheria
61
Escherichia coli
Urinary tract infection
62
Staphylococcus aureus
Pyogenic infections
62
Streptococcus pyogenes
Strep throat, scarlet fever
62
Salmonella typhi
Typhoid fever
63
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Pneumonia
64
Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum
Syphilis
65
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Tuberculosis
66
Helicobacter pylori
Gastric ulcer
67
require oxygen for growth (obligate, facultative, microaerophilic)
Aerobes
68
grow best in an atmosphere of reduced oxygen tension
Anaerobes
69
need 5-10% carbon dioxide to live
Capnophiles
70
artificial environment agar
Nutrient media
71
able to make energy-containing organic molecules from inorganic raw material by using basic energy sources such as sunlight
Autotrophs
72
organisms must make use of food that comes from other organisms in the form of fats, carbohydrates and proteins
Heterotrophs
73
0-15°C
Psychrophile/cryophile
74
20-45° C (human pathogens)
Mesophile
75
50-60°C
Thermophile
76
80-113°C
Hyperthermophile
77
pH 0-5.5 (Sulfolobus)
Acidophile
78
pH 5.5-8.0 (E.coli)
Neutrophile
79
pH 8.5-11.5 (Vibrio cholerae)
Alkalophile
80
One stain is used (e.g. methylene blue) Organisms should only be observed for size, shape, and uniformity of staining
Simple Stain
81
Used to distinguish between groups of bacteria Gram staining (common), acid-fast staining (TB) Two (2) or more dyes are used
Differential Stain
82
First dye in Gram staining
Crystal violet - First dye
83
Mordant in Gram staining
Appliacation of iodine
84
decolorizer
alcohol
85
Safranin
First dye in Gram staining
86
Primary stain in
Carbolfuchsin
87
mordant ( melt the wax)
Application of heat
88
decolorizer (remain red)
Alcohol
89
Drugs administered to either kill bacteria or inhibit their growth by preventing reproduction
Antibiotics
90
agents that inhibit bacterial growth
BACTERIOSTATIC
91
agents that actively kill bacteria
BACTERICIDAL
92
Indicates which antibiotic is effective in killing the bacteria causing the infection or disease
Indicates susceptibality
93
Disk diffusion susceptibility test/Kirby-Bauer Method Broth dilution susceptibility test
Antibiotic suscpelibty
94
Lowest concentration of antimicrobial agent that inhibits bacterial growth. (bacteriostatic)
Minimal inhibitory concentration
95
Lowest antibiotic concentration that results in 99.9% death of the bacterial population. (bactericidal)
Minimal bactericidal concentration
96
Most common method performed in the laboratory
DISK DIFFUSION
97
Determines the susceptibility of bacterial pathogens to antimicrobial agents
DISK DIFFUSION
98
Based on growth inhibition surrounding antibiotic- impregnated discs
DISK DIFFUSION
99
Measurement of the diameter of the zone of inhibition
DISK DIFFUSION

PMLS (12 decks)

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