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IMMUNOHEMA Flashcards

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1
Q

A branch of immunology which deals with the uses of immunologic principles to study and identify the different blood groups.

A

Immunohematology

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2
Q

Other name for immunohematology

A

Blood Banking

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3
Q

reaction of the blood once it is given to another person.

A

immunologic principles

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4
Q

the production of antibodies.

A

immune response

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5
Q

the reaction of the blood once it is given to another person.

A

Immunohematology

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6
Q

Blood banking performs..

A

ABO and Rh typing

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7
Q

Prepares blood and blood components for transfusion

A

Blood banking

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8
Q

Blood components

A

plasma or RBC or whole blood

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9
Q

Who discovered ABO Blood group system

A

Karl Landsteiner (1900s)

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10
Q

received the Nobel Prize (1930)

A

Karl Landsteiner (1900s)

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11
Q

He categorized the blood groups as A, B, and O

A

Karl Landsteiner (1900s)

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12
Q

4th major ABO blood type

A

AB

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13
Q

AB Blood type was discovered by

A

Alfred Von De Castelo and Adriano Sturli

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14
Q

Foreign agent
any substance that causes your immune system to produce antibodies against it.

A

Antigen

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15
Q

A test to determine the blood type of an individual.

A

ABO Blood Typing

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16
Q

To determine antigens in the RBCs of an individual by using commercially prepared antisera of known specificity

A

Cell typing (Direct or Forward typing)

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17
Q

To determine antibodies in the serum/plasma of an individual by using RBCs of known specificity

A

Serum typing (Backward, Indirect typing)

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18
Q

contains proteins known as antibodies

A

serum

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19
Q

reacts against antigen A

A

Anti-A

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20
Q

reacts against antigen B

A

Anti-B

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21
Q

Rh Blood group system

A

Karl Landsteiner and Alexander Weiner (1940)

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22
Q

They injected rabbits with ____________ monkey RBCs and Rh antibodies were produced.

A

Rhesus macaque

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23
Q

Rh antibodies + human RBCs = AGGLUTINATION

A

Rh POSITIVE

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24
Q

Rh antibodies + human RBCs = NO AGGLUTINATION

A

Rh NEGATIVE

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25
5 important Rh antigens:
D, C, E, c, e
26
most important and immunogenic antigen
D antigen
27
based on the presence and absence of the D antigen on the surface of RBCs using commercially prepared anti-D antisera
Rh Typing
28
Importance of Rh - used to identify cases of _________________
erythroblastosis fetalis
29
The disorder usually results from incompatibility between maternal and fetal blood groups
erythroblastosis fetalis
30
Gives to all blood groups
O-
31
Receives from all blood groups
AB+
32
Gives to AB+, A+, B+, O+
O+
33
Receives from O- and O+
O+
34
Receives from O-
O-
35
Receives from O-, A-, B-, AB-
AB-
36
Universal Platelet and Plasma donor.
AB
37
No antibodies
AB
38
It is a series of procedures designed to ensure the safety of transferring blood.
Compatibility Test
39
It must be performed before the transfusion of blood components
Compatibility Test
40
medication or drug in order to alleviate the condition of the patient of similar specie
Blood
41
2 compatibility test
1. MAJOR CROSSMATCHING 2. MINOR CROSSMATCHING
42
Patient serum is mixed with the donor RBCs Detects if there are antibodies in the patient serum that can destroy the transfused RBCs from the donor
MAJOR CROSSMATCHING
43
PS-DR (Patient Serum - Donor’s RBC)
MAJOR CROSSMATCHING
44
Patient RBCs are mixed with the donor serum Detects if there are antibodies in the donor serum that can destroy the patients RBCs
MINOR CROSSMATCHING
45
PR-DS (Patient’s RBC - Donor Serum)
MINOR CROSSMATCHING
46
The amount of blood in the human body is generally equivalent to _______ of body weight.
7% (seven percent)
47
Proteins in the blood
fibrinogen, albumin, globulin
48
Every __ seconds someone in the U.S. needs blood.
2
49
Only __ of eligible donors donate
5%
50
Losing an excessive amount of blood is known as
hemorrhagic shock
51
If you lose more than ___ percent of your blood, you will die.
40% (2,000 mL, or 0.53 gallons)
52
Effect: volume replacement and restoration of oxygen-carrying capacity. Indications: acute blood loss exchange transfusions emergency conditions (when there is no other option)
Whole blood
53
Effect: restoring oxygen carrying capacity Indication: anemic conditions with hypoxia
Packed Red Blood Cell (PRBC)
54
Indications: sensitivity to plasma proteins IgA deficient patients (anaphylaxis) PNH / removal of complement factors
Washed PRBC
55
Indications: febrile transfusion reactions cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection
Leukocyte-Reduced PRBC
56
Indications: unusual blood types multiple red cell antibodies autologous transfusion
Frozen PRBC
57
Indications: Avoidance GVH
Irradiated PRBC
58
Effect: replacement of plasma factors Indications: severe bleeding in unknown factor deficiency complex coagulation factor deficiency / DIC Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP)
Fresh Frozen Plasma (FFP)
59
Indications: thrombocytopenia platelet dysfunction DIC
Platelet Concentrate
60
Indications: fibrinogen and factor VIII supplementation Von Willebrand disease
Cryoprecipitate
61
Effects: stops the bleeding, prevents haemorrhage and articular lesions Indications: Hemophilia A
Factor VIII. Concentrate
62
Indications: Hemophilia B
Factor IX. Concentrate

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