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MSK lectures > Clinical anatomy of the lower limb - 22/10/18 > Flashcards

Clinical anatomy of the lower limb - 22/10/18 Flashcards

(73 cards)

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1
Q

What are the basic bony anatomy points of the lower limb?

A 
Pelvis
-Hip Joint 
Femur
Knee Joint
Tibia/Fibula
Ankle joint
Foot 
-Hindfoot
-Midfoot
-Forefoot
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2
Q

What type of joint is the hip joint?

A

Ball and socket

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3
Q

What are the three compartments of the knee joint?

A

Medial
Lateral
Patellofemoral

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4
Q

what are the bones of the hindfoot?

A

Calcaneus

Talus

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5
Q

What are the bones of the midfoot?

A

Navicular
Cuboid
Cuniforms

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6
Q

What are bones of the forefoot?

A

Metatarsals

Phalanges

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7
Q

What is the main blood supply to the femoral head?

A

Medial femoral circumflex artery

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8
Q

Which fractures will be replaced, intra or extracapsular?

A

Intra

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9
Q

What are the hip flexor muscles?

A

Iliacus

Psoas major

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10
Q

Where does the iliacus orginate?

A

Iliac crest

Inner aspect of ilium

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11
Q

Where does iliacus insert?

A

Lesser trochanter of femur

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12
Q

Where does psoas major originate?

A

Transverse processes L1-L5

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13
Q

Where does the psoas major insert?

A

Lesser trochanter

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14
Q

What may be a differental in an infection around the hip where patients dont like to flex their hip?

A

Psoas abscess

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15
Q

What are the 2 secondary hip flexors?

A

Rectus femoris

Sartorius

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16
Q

What is the origon of the rectus femoris?

A

AIIS

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17
Q

Where does the rectus femoris insert?

A

Tibia via patella tendon

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18
Q

Where does the sartorius orginate?

A

ASIS

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19
Q

Where does the sartorius insert?

A

Tibia

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20
Q

What is the second function of the sartorius?

A

External rotation of him

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21
Q

What are the 5 hip adductors?

A 
Adductor brevis
Adductor longus
Adductor magnus
Pectineus
Gracilis
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22
Q

What is the common origin of the hip adductors?

A

Inferior pubic rami

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23
Q

What are the insertions of the hip adductors?

A

Linea aspera
Pectineal line (P)
Tibia (G)

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24
Q

What are the clinical issues associated with hip adductors?

A

Adductor tendinopathy
Osteitis pubis
Spascitiy

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25
What are the 3 hip abductors?
Gluteus minimus/gluteus medius | Tensor fascia lata
26
What is the origin of the gluteus minimus?
Iliac wing
27
Where does the gluteus minimus insert?
Greater trochanter of femur
28
Where does the tensor fascia lata originate?
Iliac crest
29
Where does the tensor fascia lata insert?
Lateral tibia via iliotibial tract
30
Where does the tensor fascia lata insert?
Lateral tibia via iliotibial tract
31
What is the main hip extensor?
Gluteus maximus
32
Where does the gluteus maximus originate?
Posterior aspect of ilium/sacrum
33
What is the insertion of the gluteus maximus/
Iliotibial tract
34
What are the 3 hamstring muscles?
Biceps femoris Semimembranosus Semitendinosus
35
What is the origin of biceps femoris?
Long head - ischial tuberostiy | Short head - Linea aspera
36
What is the insertion of biceps femoris?
Fibula head
37
What is the origin of semimembranous?
Iscial tuberosity
38
What is the insertion of semimembranous?
Posterior tibia
39
What is the origin of semitendinosus?
Ischial tuberosity
40
What is the insertion of semitendinosus?
Medial tibia
41
Where does the medial collateral ligament run?
Medial epicondyle of femur | Tibial head
42
Where does the lateral collateral ligament run?
lateral epicondyle of femur | Fibular head
43
What does the ACL stop?
Resists anterior movement
44
How do you remember ACL and PCL direction?
ACL -Hands in pockets | PCL - opposite
45
What are the important functions of thee meniscus?
Load transfer increase femero-tibial conformity Stabilise the knee during movement Lubricate the knee
46
What are the two types of meniscal tears?
Radial (transverse) | Bucket handle
47
What are the 4 quadriceps muscles and their origins?
Rectus femoris - AIIS Vastus intermedius - ANterolateral proximal femur Vastus medialis - Medial edge linea aspera greater trochanter Vastus lateralis - medial edge linea aspera lesser trochanter
48
What is the common insertion of the quadriceps muscles?
Tibia via patellar tendon
49
What does a larger Q angle mean?
Predisposition to patellar instability
50
What does a larger Q angle mean?
Predisposition to patellar instability
51
What are factors that predispose to patellar instability?
Genu valgum Femoral head anteversion Weak quadriceps Ligamentous laxity
52
What are the muscles in the anterior compartment of the leg?
Tibialis anterior Extensor hallicus longus Extensor digitorum longus Fibularis Tertius
53
What are the muscles in the lateral compartment of the leg?
Fibularis Longus | Fibularis brevis
54
What are the muscles in the deep compartment of the leg?
Tibialis posterior Flexor hallicus longus Flexor digitorus longus Popliteus
55
What are the muscles in the superficial compartment of the leg?
Gastrocnemius Soleus Plantaris
56
What nerves supply the anterior compartment of the leg?
Deep Fibular nerve | Anterior tibial
57
What nerves supply the lateral compartment of the leg?
Superficial fibular nerve
58
What nerves supply the deep compartment of the leg?
Tibial nerve | Posterior tibial vessels
59
What nerves supply the superficial compartment of the leg?
Medial sural nerve
60
Draw happy pirate diagram
:)
61
Which is deep, fibularis brevis or longus?
Brevis
62
What are the ankle plantar flexors and their origin?
Gastrocnemius - femoral condyles Soleus - Broad area on posterior tibia/fibula Plantaris - Lateral femoral condyle
63
What is the common insertion of the ankle plantar flexors?
Calcaneus via achilles
64
What is the main ankle dorsiflexor?
Tibialis anterior
65
What is the origin of the TA?
Lateral surface proximal tibia
66
What is the insertion of the TA?
Medial cuneiform base 1st metatarsal
67
What are the medial and lateral ankle ligaments?
Medial - Deltoid ligament | Lateral - Lateral ligament complex
68
What are the ligaments in the lateral ankle ligament complex?
``` Posterior inferior tibifibular Anterior inferior tibiofibular Anterior talofibular Posterior talofibular Calcaneofibular ```
69
What is the supporting structures of the medial arch?
Tibialis postrior tendon Spring ligament -Calcaneonavicular ligament
70
What is the origon of the tibialis posterior tendon?
Posterior proximal tibia/fibula
71
What is the insertion of the tibialis posterior tendon?
Navicular/plantar surface of medial cuneiform
72
What is the origin of the plantar fascia?
Tuberosity of calcaneus
73
What is the insertion of the plantar fascia?
Heads of metatarsals

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