Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

MSK lectures > Shoulder Problems - 30/10/18 > Flashcards

Shoulder Problems - 30/10/18 Flashcards

(68 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

do you believe?

A

In life after love

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are 5 common shoulder pathologies and what ages do these occur?

A 
Instability 20-30
Cuff disease 
-Impingement 30-40
-Cuff tear 50-60
Frozen shoulder 40-50
Arthritis >60
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How many joints are in the shoulder girdle?

A

4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How many muscles attach to the scapula?

A

17

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the extrinsic muscles of the shoulder

A

Deltoid
Trapezium
Pectoralis major
Latissimus dorsi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the intrinsic muscles of the shoulder?

A

Rotator cuff muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the characteristics of shoulder instability?

A

Teenage to 30 years
Young
Sporty
Traumatic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the characteristics of shoulder instability?

A

Teenage to 30 years
Young
Sporty
Traumatic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

When can posterior dislocation occur?

A

Epileptic fits
Electrocution
Alocholic fits
in 5% of cases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the characteristics of shoulder instability presentation?

A 
Acute
-ED
-Painful
-In sling
Chronic
-Atraumatic laxity
-Not painful
-No support
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the first things to do in shoulder dislocations?

A

Give the patient analgesia

Reduce the joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How does instability present?

A

Mechanism of injury
Ease of dislocation
Frequency
General laxity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

WHat is seen on examination of shoulder instability?

A

Look - abnormal shoulder contour, muscle wasting
Feel - Tenderness, muscle spasm
Move - Good ROM, scapular winging/dyskkinedia
Tests - RC strength, apprehension, relocation, general laxity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What 2 conditions can cause shoulder laxity?

A

Marfans

EDS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How is a dislocation reduced?

A

Manipulation
Kocher method
Hippocratic method
Stimson method - tape a weight to the arm whilst lying face down

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is post reduction treatment?

A

2-3 weeks sling
Analgesia
Gradual early mobilization
Physiotherapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are some investigations for shoulder instability?

A

X-ray

MRI arthogram

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are some associated injuries with shoulder instability?

A 
Labral lesions (bankart)
# humeral head (hill sachs)
# glenoid (Bony bankhart)
Rotator cuff tear
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are some NON operative treatments for shoulder instability?

A

Physiotherapy
RC and core strengthening
Scapula stabilising

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What patients are most likely to have redislocation?

A

Younger patients (15-20)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the rehab for instability?

A 
6 week sling
8-10 weeks no driving
12 weeks no heavy lifting
No contact sports for 12 weeks
Training and non contact sports after 6 weeks
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the characteristics of shoulder impingment?

A

Pain originating from the sub acromial space
Common and mostly transient
Intrinsic and extrinsic causes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are the intrinsic and extrinsic causes of impingement?

A 
Intrinsic
 - Tendon vascularity
- Watershed area
- Tendon degeneration
- Cuff dysfunction
Extrinsic 
- Pressure
- Type of acromion
- Coraco-acromial ligament
- Clavicular spur/osterophyte
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are some types of impingement and who do they occur in?

A 
RC tendonitis/subacromial bursitis - <30s
Calcific tendonitis - 30s-40s
Tendinosis/partial tears RC - 40s - 50s
Cuff tear 50-60s
Cuff arthropathy - 70s
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Neers classification
``` 1 = Inflammation, oedema, haemorrhage 2 = ??/ ```
26
WHat is important in the History of impingement?
``` Age Hand dominance Pain Reach and stretch Painful arch Neurology Neck pain Anaglesia Physio Injections ```
27
What may be seen on examination of shoulder impingement?
look - Contour, muscle wasting, scapula position Feel - Tenderness bursa, ACJ Move - ROM active/passive, painful arc, RC strength Tests - Hawkins, Joes
28
What investigations are used for impingement?
``` X-ray (Shentens line?) Calcifications USS MRI ```
29
What are the treatments for impingement?
``` Rest Activity modification Pain relief Physiotherapy Cortico-steroid injections in sub acromial space Minimal of 6 month non-operative therapy ```
30
What occurs during Arthroscopic/open subacromial decompression?
``` Subacromial/subdeltoid bursectomy Acromioplasty Release of CA ligament Release of calcific deposits Exision infraclavicular spur ```
31
What is the rehab for impingement?
Painful Sling 1-2 weeks Early physio and ROM movements RC strengthening
32
How long does shoulder impingement surgery take to recover?
3-4 months
33
How do cuff tears present?
``` 50-60yo Grey hair - cuff tear Acute traumatic Chronic attrition Weakness Pain ```
34
What is seen on cuff tear examination?
L - Contour, wasting F - Tenderness subdeltoid region M - ROM active
35
How are cuff tears investigated?
Radiographs | MRI if stiff
36
How are chronic cuff tears treated?
``` Rest analgesia Sling Physiotherapy Steroids Weait and watch ```
37
How are acture cuff tears treated?
Urgent investigation Early physio Early reassessment Early intervention
38
What is cuff tear rehabilitation?
``` Sling 6 weeks No driving for 6-8 weeks 12 weeks no heavy lifting Prolonged physiotherapy Prolonged recovery 6-9 months ```
39
What are the frozen shoulder presentation?
``` Females 40-50 Can be bilateral Gradual severe pain Associated with Diabetes, lipid and endocrine disease and dupuytren's ```
40
What is frozen shoulder
Contracture and thickening of coracohumeral ligament in the rotator interval and axillary fold Decrease in joint volume
41
What are the three phases of frozen shoulder?
Freezing Frozen Thawing
42
How long does frozen shoulder take to recover?
3-4 years
43
What is seen on frozen shoudler history?
Pain at rest At night Anterior Stiffness
44
Examination
Global restriction
45
Differentials of frozen shoulder
Locked posterior dislocation | Arthritis
46
How is frozen shoulder treated?
NO - Gentle movements, analgesia, Physio, gleno-humeral injections, Fluerescence? O - Manipulation under anaesthetic, Arthroscopic capsular releaase
47
What is frozen shoulder rehab?
Short period in sling Pain control Physiotherapy
48
WHat is GH OA presentation?
``` Over 60 Uncommon location OA RA Gradual onset Intermittent exacerbations ```
49
What are the history features in GHOA?
``` Gradual onset Pain at rest and at night Stiffness Intermittent Functional difficulties ```
50
What is the treatment for GHOA?
``` Analgesia Physio Steroid Shoulder replacement Resurfacing Total shoulder arthroplasty Reverse polarity shoulder replacement ```
51
What is the Post arthroplasty rehabilitation?
Sling Physio No driving
52
What is the Post arthroplasty rehabilitation?
Sling Physio No driving
53
Carpal tunnel syndrome?
``` >30s Common Female Pregnancy Hypothyroidism Diabetes Obesity RA ```
54
What happens to the blood supply in CTS?
Reduced blood supply
55
What nerve is compressed in carpal tunnel syndrome?
Median nerve
56
What muscles are innervated by the median nerve?
``` LOAF muscles Lumbricals IF and MF Opponens Abductor pollicus brevis Flexor polllicus brevis ```
57
What are the symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome?
``` Pins and needles Pain Clumsiness Numbness Weakness Early morning wakening worse when: Driving Phone use Reading ```
58
SIgns of CTS?
Thenar atrophy Altered sensation Weakness APB
59
What are 3 tests for CTS?
Durkings test - compression Tinnels test - tapping Phalens test - volar flexion
60
What are CTS investigations?
Carpal tunnel questionsaire | Nerve conduction studies
61
What is the treatment for CTS?
``` Splintage Physiotherapy Steroid injections Carpal tunnel Decompression surgery -Day surgery -Local anaesthetic -Division transverse carpal ligament -Anatomical variation ```
62
CTS rehab?
2 days reduce dressings 5 days keep dry ???
63
CBTS?
``` >30s 2nd most comon More males Post trauma Direct pressure Arthritis ```
64
Revise the ulnar nerve anatomy and Cubital tunnel
XOXO gossip girl
65
Symptoms of CBTS?
``` Ulnar pins and needles Pain CLumsiness Numbness weakness Leaning pain Night pain ```
66
CBTS tests?
Tinnels test Modified phalens test Froments test
67
CBTS investigations?
Clinical examination | Nerve conduction studies
68
Treatment of CBTS?
``` Elbow splintage Physio NSAIDs Ulnar nerve decompression -Day surgery -Local ```

MSK lectures (50 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions