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MSK lectures > Skeletal Muscle Physiology 1 01/10/18 > Flashcards

Skeletal Muscle Physiology 1 01/10/18 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 physiological functions of skeletal muscle/

A 
Maintenance of posture
Purposeful movement in relation to external environment
Respiratory movements 
Heat production
Contribution to whole body metabolism
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2
Q

What is the largest type of tissue in the human body?

A

Muscle

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3
Q

How many muscle types are there?

A

3

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4
Q

What are the three types of muscle?

A

Skeletal
Cardiac
Smooth

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5
Q

What are all three muscle types capable of?

A

Developing tension and producing movement through contraction

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6
Q

Which two muscle types are striated?

A

Skeletal

Cardiac

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7
Q

Which muscle type is unstriated?

A

Smooth

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8
Q

Which two muscle types are involuntary?

A

Cardiac

Smooth

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9
Q

Which muscle type is voluntary?

A

Skeletal muscle

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10
Q

What is striation visualized as under a microscope?

A

Alternating light and dark bands

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11
Q

Why are dark and light bands seen?

A

Alternating Actin (light) and Myocin (light) filaments

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12
Q

What innervates skeletal muscle?

A

Somatic nervous system

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13
Q

What innervates cardiac and smooth muscle?

A

Autonomic nervous system

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14
Q

Is the initiation of contraction in skeletal muscle neurogenic?

A

Yes

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15
Q

Is the initiation of contraction of cardiac muscle neurogenic?

A

No its Myogenic

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16
Q

Which has neuromuscular junctions present, cardiac or skeletal?

A

Skeletal

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17
Q

Which has Gap junctions present, skeletal or cardiac?

A

Cardiac

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18
Q

Where is the calcium from in skeletal muscle contraction?

A

Entirely from sarcoplasmic reticulum

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19
Q

Where is the calcium from in cardiac muscle contraction/

A

Extra cellular fluid

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

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20
Q

What is responsible for the gradation of contraction in skeletal muscle?

A

Motor unit recruitment

Summation of contractions

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21
Q

What is responsible for the gradation of contraction in cardiac muscle?

A

Depends on the extent of the heart filling with blood (preload)

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22
Q

Can one motor neurone be responsible for more than one muscle fibre?

A

Yes it can be responsible for many

23
Q

What is a motor unit?

A

The motor neurone and all of the muscle fibres that is supplies

24
Q

Is there continuity of cytoplasm between nerve and muscle cells?

A

No

25
Q

What is the transmitter at a neuromuscular junction?

A

Acetylcholine

26
Q

What connects cardiac muscle fibres?

A

Desmosomes and gap junctions

27
Q

What does the number of muscle fibres per motor unit depend on?

A 
The functions served by a muscle
Fine movements (eye, facial expression) have fewer fibres
28
Q

Where power is more important than precision are there many or few motor fibres?

A

Thousands

29
Q

What are the parts of a muscle?

A 
Whole muscle
Muscle fibre
Myofibril
Sarcomere
Actin and Myocin
30
Q

Which filaments are thick and dark, actin or myocin?

A

Myocin

31
Q

Are skeletal muscle fibres parallel or perpendicular?

A

Parallel lol

32
Q

How long is a skeletal muscle cell/fibre?

A

The entire length of the muscle

33
Q

How are skeletal muscle fibres bundled together?

A

Connective tissue

34
Q

How are skeletal muscles attached to bones?

A

Tendons

35
Q

What do bones, joints and muscle form to allow body movements?

A

Lever systems

36
Q

What does each muscle fibre contain?

A

Myofibrils

37
Q

What is a myofibril?

A

Specialised contractile intracellular structures

38
Q

What are actin and myocin arranged into inside myofibrils?

A

Sarcomeres

39
Q

What are the functional units of muscle?

A

Sarcomeres

40
Q

What do Z lines seperate?

A

Sarcomeres

41
Q

What are the 4 zones of a sarcomere?

A

A-band
H-zone
M-line
I-band

42
Q

What is the A-band made of?

A

Thick filaments with thin filaments that overlap at both ends of the thick filament

43
Q

What is the H-zone?

A

Lighter area within the middle of the A-band where thin filaments don’t reach

44
Q

What is the M-line?

A

Extends vertically down the middle of A-band within the centre of the H-zone

45
Q

What is the I-Band?

A

Consists of remaining portion of thin filaments that do not project in A-band

46
Q

How is muscle tension produced?

A

Sliding of actin and myocin filaments

47
Q

What is force generation dependent on?

A

ATP

48
Q

True/False: ATP is only required for contraction

A

FALSE

It is also required for relaxation

49
Q

What is required to switch on crossbridge formation?

A

Calcium

50
Q

What is excitation contraction coupling?

A

The process whereby the surface action potential results in the activation of the contractile structures of the muscle fibre

51
Q

When is calcium released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum in skeletal muscle?

A

When the surface action potential spreads down the transverse tubules, this is triggered by spread of action potentials down the T-tubules

52
Q

Explain the excitation of actin/myocin

A

Ca2+ binds wiith troponin, pulling tropomyosin complex aside to expose the cross-bridge binding site for binding to occur
Binding of actin and myocin cross bridge triggers power stroke that pulls the thin filament inwards during contraction

53
Q

Explain the massive diagram about how muscle contraction occurs

A

Ach is released from axon of a motor neurone, which causes an action potential to go down the T-tubules.
This triggers the release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
Calcium ions released bind to troponin on actin filaments which means tropomyosin is moved and the cross-bridge binding site is exposed.
The myosin cross bridge attaches to the actin and bends, pulling the actin towards the middle, powered by ATP.

MSK lectures (50 decks)

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