Clinical: Personality Flashcards
You will be able to summarize major theories and assessment methods of personality and how individual traits influence behavior and psychological functioning. (135 cards)
List:
William Sheldon’s three types of personality.
- endomorphy
- ectomorphy
- mesomorphy
These definitions of personality were based on body type.
Define:
humanism
It is a theory of personality psychology that emphasizes humans’ free will and focuses on therapy that is client-centered.
Define:
psychodynamic theory
This theory was created by Sigmund Freud. It hypothesized that forces in the unconscious mind define one’s personality and control behaviors and emotions.
Name three components in Freud’s structural psychoanalytic theory of personality.
- id
- ego
- superego
What are the four broad theories of personality?
- psychoanalytic
- humanistic
- social-cognitive
- trait theories
Social cognitive was founded in Behaviourism.
Fill in the blank:
Freud referred to life energy as __________.
libido
Fill in the blank:
Although Freud contended that the subconscious plays a major role in behavior, its contents are not accessible. They become accessible through __________, _______ _____, or revealing the _______ _____ of dreams.
psychoanalysis; freudian slips; latent content
This level, just below the level of conscious awareness, contains thoughts, memories, feelings, and images that are easily recalled.
preconscious
Fill in the blank:
Freud believed in dream analysis; he composed a list of __________ symbols, items or events that appeared in dreams but in reality represent other items or events in the subconscious.
Freudian
On which principle does the id operate?
the pleasure principle
The id seeks to maximize pleasure while minimizing pain.
Fill in the blank:
The superego, the acknowledged opposite of the __________, is an internal representation of society’s rules, morals, and obligations.
id
Name two things that the ego allows us to accomplish in everyday life?
- functioning in the environment
- acting logically
On which principle does the ego operate?
the reality principle
What is the reality principle?
The set of desires that can be satisfied only if the means to satisfy them exists and is available.
What kind of thought is the ego most involved in?
conscious thought
What is the purpose of defense mechanisms?
The purpose of defense mechanisms is to manage anxiety produced by the id-superego conflict.
Fill in the blank:
Repression, a type of defense mechanism, describes the process by which anxiety-provoking memories or desires are moved to the __________.
subconscious
If, after an argument, a child shows anger not towards his friend, with whom he is angry, but to a stuffed animal, what defense mechanism is he exhibiting?
displacement
Fill in the blank:
In __________ __________, the ego completely reverses a desire to make itself safer or more socially acceptable.
reaction formation
What defense mechanism uses logic to excuse emotional or irrational behavior?
rationalization
Regression involves reverting to what kind of behaviors?
childish behaviors
Which defense mechanism involves the channeling or redirecting of sexual or aggressive feelings into a more socially acceptable outlet?
sublimation
What describes man’s inherent envy towards woman’s ability to nurture and sustain life?
womb envy
In Karen Horney’s theory of personality, what is important in forming the basis of the adult personality?
Interactions between the child and the parent as the child deals with basic anxiety.