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ATPL Meteorology > Cloud > Flashcards

Cloud Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 basic cloud FORMS?

A
  1. Cirrus: threadlike/hairy/fine
  2. Cumulus: fluffy/towering
  3. Stratus: sheet or layer
  4. Nimbus: rain
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2
Q

What are the 3 cloud types in the high etage?

What altitude are the formed between?

What are they composed of?

A
  1. Cirrus (Ci): fine strands/hooks or clumps
  2. Cirrostratus (Cs): a sheet of fine wispy/thread like cloud
  3. Cirrocumulus (Cc): lumps of cirrus

Between 20,000 and 40,000FT

Composed of ice crystals and responsible for VIRGA

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3
Q

What are the 2 cloud types in the middle etage?

What altitude are the formed between?

A
  1. Altostratus (As): a sheet of cloud, may produce rain OR virga
  2. Altocumulus (Ac): heaped or lumpy cloud not generally associated with rain

8,500 to 20,000FT

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4
Q

What are the 5 cloud types in the low etage?

What altitude are the formed between?

A
  1. Cumulus (Cu): heaped or towering cloud, may produce SHOWERS of RAIN or SNOW
  2. Cumulonimbus (Cb): towering thunderstorm producing HEAVY SHOWERS of RAIN, HAIL or SNOW
  3. Stratus (St): a LOW sheet of cloud producing DRIZZLE
  4. Stratocumulus (Sc): a sheet of heaped or towering cloud. May produce DRIZZLE
  5. Nimbostratus (Ns): a sheet of heavy rain cloud. Produces CONTINUOUS RAIN or SNOW

500 to 5000FT

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5
Q

What are the 5 lifting mechanisms of cloud?

A
  1. Convection
  2. Turbulence
  3. Orographic uplift (Over mountains)
  4. Mountain waves (for lenticular cloud)
  5. Frontal uplift
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6
Q

What cloud types will form for unstable orographic uplift?

A

Cumular form

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7
Q

What cloud types will for for stable orographic uplift?

A

Stratiform - nimbo stratus with heavy rain

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8
Q

What conditions are required for orographic form mountain wave cloud?

A
  1. Wind blowing at right angles to the mountain range (at least 25KTS at top of range; and
  2. A stable layer of air (inversion) above the range

lenticular cloud forms on the top of the a waves while rotor cloud forms under waves in the rotor zone

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9
Q

What is FRONT?

A

The boundary between two air masses of different temperatures

Normally associated with LOW pressure systems

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10
Q

What weather is generally associated with a cold front due to the forced rise of warm air?

A

Unstable conditions which result in frontal thunderstorms

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11
Q

How is a cold front depicted on a synoptic chart?

A

Sharp triangular barbs pointing in direction of movement

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12
Q

What conditions indicate the passage of a cold front in the Southern Hemisphere?

A
  1. A fall in temperature
  2. Backing of the wind
  3. A rise in pressure
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13
Q

What weather is generally associated with a warm front as warm air rides up over the cooler air?

A

Generally it forms stratiform cloud with rain from nimbostratus

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14
Q

How is a warm front depicted on a synoptic chart?

A

Semi circular shapes pointing in the direction of travel

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15
Q

What cloud indicates the approach of a warm front?

A

High level followed by mid level and then extensive nimbostratus

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16
Q

What conditions indicate the passage of a WARM front in the Southern Hemisphere?

A
  1. A rise in temperature
  2. Backing of the wind
  3. Pressure decreasing
17
Q

What is an occluded front?

What weather conditions are associated with one?

A

Where a cold front has caught a warm front, depicted as triangular barbs and semi circles.

The conditions are characterised by both warm and cold front weather: often extensive cloud and widespread rain

18
Q

How is a quasi stationary depicted on a synoptic chart?

A

Triangular barbs and semicircles pointing in opposite directions

19
Q

A cold front usual lies along a:

A. Ridge of high pressure
B. Trough of low pressure
C. N - S line through a low
D. NE - SE line through a low

A

B. Trough of low pressure

20
Q

A cold air mass is characterised by:

A. Stable conditions, stratiform cloud
B. Unstable conditions, cumuloform cloud
C. Stable conditions, cumuloform cloud
D. Unstable conditions, stratiform cloud

A

B. Unstable conditions, cumuloform cloud

21
Q

Warm air masses are characterised by:

A. Turbulence and good visibility
B. Showers and thunderstorms
C. Stable with hazy conditions
D. Good visibility and thunderstorms

A

C. Stable with hazy conditions

22
Q

Following the passage of a warm front, the most likely weather scenario would be:

A. Nil significant weather
B. Heavy continuous rain
C. Scattered showers
D. Thunderstorms

A

A. Nil significant weather

23
Q

Frontal thunderstorms would be triggered:

A. By the passage of a warm front
B. By the passage of a cold front
C. Along a well formed trough of low pressure
D. Along a well formed ridge of high pressure

A

B. By the passage of a cold front

24
Q

A defined boundary between 2 air masses is called a:

A. Col
B. Front
C. Ridge
D. Trough

A

B. Front

25
Q

The following are classed as mid level clouds

A. Cirrus, cirrostratus, cirrocumulus
B. Stratus, stratocumulus, altostratus
C. Cumulonimbus, cumulus, cirrostratus
D. Altostratus, altocumulus, altocumulus lenticularis

A

D. Altostratus, altocumulus, altocumulus lenticularis

26
Q

Clouds classified as high level clouds are

A. Cirrus, altostratus, cumulonimbus
B. Cirrus, cumulonimbus, cirrocumulus
C. Cirrus, cirrocumulus, cirrostratus
D. Cirrus, cumulonimbus, cirrostratus

A

C. Cirrus, cirrocumulus, cirrostratus

27
Q

Drizzle would most likely fall from

A. Stratus
B. Nimbostratus
C. Mist
D. Cumulonimbus

A

A. Stratus

ATPL Meteorology (14 decks)

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