CLPS 1700 - Chapter 1

Question 1

What three characteristics determine a psychopathology?

Answer 1

Significant personal distress, significant impairment in daily life, and/or significant risk of harm: any of which is considered unusual or abnormal in context/culture (4)

Question 2

What is a psychosis?

Answer 2

An impaired ability to perceive reality to the extent that normal functioning is not possible (6)

Question 3

Name two psychotic symptoms.

Answer 3

Hallucinations and delusions (7)

Question 4

Name some common delusions.

Answer 4

Paranoid or persecutory delusions, delusional jealousy, delusions of grandeur, somatic delusions (7)

Question 5

What is the fourth important element to consider when deciding whether or not someone has a psychological disorder?

Answer 5

Culture

Question 6

List three ancient explanations for psychopathology.

Answer 6

Exorcism of spirits, qi re-balancing, and imbalances of the four humors (11-12)

Question 7

Who first suggested that mental illness arose from the brain?

Answer 7

Hippocrates (12)

Question 9

Who first proposed treating emotional imbalances as well as physical/humor imbalances?

Answer 9

Galen (12)

Question 10

How was psychopathology viewed in the Middle Ages?

Answer 10

As a battle between good and evil for the soul (13)

Question 11

How was psychopathology viewed in the Renaissance?

Answer 11

As witchcraft: major witch hunts (13)

Question 12

When did treatment of psychopathology return to reason and rationalism?

Answer 12

Age of Enlightenment, c18 and c19 (13)

Question 13

What did religious orders contribute to the psychopathological world in the Renaissance?

Answer 13

Asylums, supposedly to treat, but once overpopulated, for incarceration (14)

Question 14

Freud’s preconscious

Answer 14

Thoughts and feelings that a person doesn’t perceive, but that might enter conscious awareness in the future (17)

Question 15

Freud’s unconscious

Answer 15

Thoughts and feelings that cannot be perceived or called into awareness in the mind, but that still influence a person (17)

Question 16

id

Answer 16

sexual/aggressive drives, desire for immediate gratification: follows the pleasure principle of seeking gratification regardless of consequences (18)

Question 17

superego

Answer 17

Individual conscience, morality: responsible for guilt (18)

Question 18

ego

Answer 18

Mediates the id’s demands and supergo’s morality and external constraints (18)

Question 19

Which of the three realms of the self is solely ubconscious?

Answer 19

Id

Question 20

Freud’s neurosis

Answer 20

A pattern of thoughts, feelings, behaviors that expresses an unresolved conflict between the ego and id, or ego and superego (19)

Question 21

Freud’s psychosis

Answer 21

Break between reality and the ego’s reality (19)

Question 22

What is the problem with psychodynamic theory?

Answer 22

It’s very difficult to prove that the situation involves one explanation or another (21)

Question 23

Humanistic psychology

Answer 23

Maslow, etc: focused on free will, innate goodness, creativity, the self, etc in response to Freud’s psychodynamic theory, etc (21)

Question 24

Of what school is Carl Rogers, and what does he attribute psychological disorders to?

Answer 24

Humanist: to an incongruence, as between the ideal and actual self (21)

Question 25

What concept did behaviorism contribute to psychopathology?

Answer 25

Maladaptive learning: assuaging anxiety and associating relief with alochol leading to substance abuse disorder (23)

Question 26

How did cognitive psychology first contribute to psychopathology?

Answer 26

Identified where changes in mental processing deviated from the norm, suggesting a disorder (24)

Question 27

Diathesis-stress model

Answer 27

When a person with a predisposition (diathesis) encounters an environmental trigger (stress) to cause the psychopathology (26)

Question 28

diathesis

Answer 28

Predisposition for a particular disorder (26)

Question 29

What is one of the most important factors of a stressor?

Answer 29

How the person perceives it (27)

Question 30

Biopsychosocial approach example

Answer 30

Certain genes (bio) make one perceive more situations as stressful (psycho) and living in poverty (social) = diathesis

Question 33

Name two problems with the biopsychosocial approach.

Answer 33

1) Doesn't actually deal with the brain, which is so important to conscious experience, and 2) identifies factors as separate, which doesn't give a full picture of the disorder as it should (27)

Question 34

What are two advantages of the neuropsychosocial approach?

Answer 34

1) Focus on the brain, and 2) focus on feedback loops and the interconnectedness of the three factors involved (28)

Question 35

How does Pavlovian conditioning impact psychopathology?

Answer 35

Investigates how neural stimuli paired with fear-inducing or anxiety-inducing events or objects affect responses to stimuli (29)

Question 36

Name two social forces that contribute a lot to the development of a pyschopathology.

Answer 36

Attachment styles and coping mechanisms (29)