CLPS 1700 - Chapter 11 Flashcards
(39 cards)
Gender identity disorder
Cross-gender identification that leads to chronic discomfort with their biological sex (475)
Why do transsexuals/people with gender identity disorders assume the gender role of the opposite sex?
Because that’s the identity that fits their sense of self (475)
What happens to most children diagnosed with gender identity disorder?
They don’t still have it as adults, although some may identify as homosexual later in life (475)
What percentage of boys diagnosed with gender identity disorder still identify as transsexual adults?
2-12%
What percentage of boys diagnosed with GID identify as bi/homosexual as adults?
40-80%
What is the “significant stress” that classifies transsexuals’ behavior as true GID due to?
Usually other people’s responses (476)
What sexual preference do transsexuals generally express?
Heterosexual to their identity: men identifying as female will be attracted to females, in general (476)
Is comorbidity higher before sex reassignment surgeries, or after?
Before, suggesting that the comorbid disorder usually arose because of their discomfort in the biologically assigned gender role (477)
In which gender is GID more common, and by how much?
Three times as much for males as females (477)
How do male and female brains differ, in regards to gender identity research?
An “extension of the amygdala” = “bed nucleus of the stria terminalis”, which has twice as many neurons in males as in females (478)
What hormones may disrupt prenatal brain development, thus altering the gender identity of the fetus?
Cortisol: stressed mothers may affect their child’s gender identity (478) and Testosterone: higher levels mean more masculine behaviors later (478)
What research were Ward 1992 and Zucker and Bradley 1995 involved in?
The role of hormones in fetal brain development and their effect on gender identity (478)
What did Sadeghi and Fakhrai 2000 research?
The genetic factors that contribute to gender identity, through a twin study (478)
Who is the main researcher responsible for the claim that GID is hereditary?
Coolidge et al 2002: studied 314 pairs of identical/fraternal twins: up to 62% of variance in GID attributable to genetics (478)
What is a paraphilia?
Sexual disorder characterized by “deviant” preferences/fantasies/objects/behaviors that play a role in sexual arousal (482)
What three categories can be defined as paraphilias?
Non-consenting partners/children, inanimate objects, suffering/humiliating oneself/partner if not role-playing (482)
Which paraphilias involve non-consent/children?
Exhibitionism (flashing), voyeurism (watching), frotteurism (rubbing), and pedophilia (prepubescent children) (483)
Which paraphilias involve suffering/humiliating oneself/partner?
Sexual sadism, sexual masochism: someone call Rihanna (483)
What paraphilias involve inanimate objects?
Fetishism, transvestic festishism (cross-dressing for arousal) (483)
Paraphilic disorders are almost exclusively diagnosed in what gender, except for which paraphilia?
Usually all men, except for sexual masochism which is more common in women (483)
In what two cases may a paraphilic diagnosis be made?
If the patient acts on the desires but has no distress, OR if the patient doesn’t act on the desires but does have significant distress (484)
What is the age breakdown by percentage of pedophilia victims?
25% under 6yo, 25% 6-10yo, 50% 11-13yo (486)
What did Sterman and Segal, 1989, discover about pedophiles’ attitudes towards children?
They blamed the children for seducing them (486)
What did Spitzer et al 2002 discover about pedophiles’ attitudes towards children?
They believed the children shared the pleasure (486)
