Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Blood > Coagulation > Flashcards

Coagulation Flashcards

(104 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What are the 4 components of normal haemostasis?

A

endothelium
platelets
coagulation factors
fibrinolytic factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How is VWF produced and stored?

A

Produced by the endothelium and by platelets

Stored in Wiebel palade bodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the role of VWF?

A

Adhesion of platelets to the subendothelial collagen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are platelets made from?

A

cytopasm of megakaryocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How long do platelets circulate for?

A

5-9 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What receptor on the platelet membrane is responsible for adhesion to vwf?

A

GP Ib

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What receptor on the platelet membrane is responsible for adhesion to fibrinogen?

A

GP IIb IIIa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What colour are alpha granules and what do they contain?

A

Red

Contain factors V abd VIII, fibrinogen and VWF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is in dense granules?

A

Calcium

ADP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How does the platelets maintain/change its shape?

A

actin myosin cytoskeleton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Platelets undergo shape change when they bind to VWF. What shape do they become?

A

spherical with philipodia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The platelet shape change exposes…

A

Additional GP Ib, GP IIb IIIa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does thromboxane A2 do?

A

increases platelet adhesion and aggregation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Tissue factor activates the ____ clotting pathway

A

extrinsic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Wht is the role of fibrin?

A

Stabilises the primary platelet plug

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the main factors involved in the intrinsic?

A

XII, XII, IX, VIII

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the main factors involved in the extrinsic?

A

VII

TF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the main factors involved in the common?

A 
X
V
prothrombin
Fibrinogen 
XIII
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

WHat does TF-FVII complex activate

A

FX of common

FIX of intrinsic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How is factor XII activated?

A

contact with a negatively charged surface (factor HMWK)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What does AT III inhibit?

A

factor XA

thrombin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Heparin from the endothelium does what to ATIII?

A

Increases its activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What does protein C do?

A

inactivates factors VIII and V

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the main enzyme responsible for fibrinolysis?

A

plasmin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Where is plasminogen found?
In the platelet membrane and plasma
26
plasmin gets inactivated by....
antiplasmin
27
What kind of tube should you use for coagulation assessment?
one with anticoag EDTA fine for platelets citrate for clotting factors
28
Which species have inaccurate counts due to overlap in size between platelets and RBCs?
cats and goats
29
Which dog species is it important to do a manual platelet count in and why?
Cavvies | Often giant platelets that don't get counted
30
Platelets below what number are consistent with thrombocytopenia?
100
31
platelets may decrease to approximately ____ with ongoing haemorrhage
100
32
Spontaneous bleeding can happen with platelets below ___
25
33
platelets over ___ is a thrombocytosis
1000
34
BMBT assesses
platelets - primary haemostasis
35
mucosal bleeding is usually seen with ...
thrombocytopathia
36
echymoses and petechiae are usually seen with ....
thrombocytopenia
37
What 2 problems will increase BMBT?
thrombocytopenia | VW disease
38
What are the 4 main causes of thrombocytopenia by increased destruction/consumption?
IMTP haemorrhage DIC Sequestration
39
What are some causes of 2ndry IMTP?
immune med disease neoplasia infectious drugs/vaccination
40
Can you do a BM aspirate in a thrombocytopenic animal?
yep, don't tend to bleed
41
How do you diagnose IMTP?
diagnosis of exculsion BM aspirate may see megakaryocyte hyperplasia Need large vol of lood to detect anti platelet ABs Reponse to Tx
42
When might you get platelet sequestration?
splenomegaly | large cavitated mass
43
Give examples of infectious causes of thrombocytopenia?
FeLV Erlichia Leishmania
44
What is glanzmann's thrombasthenia?
defect in GP IIbIIIa
45
What breeds does glanzmanns thrombasthenia occur in?
otter hounds | great pyrenees
46
What is canine thrombopathia and what breed suffers from it?
GPIIbIIIa exposure and degranulation problem | Basset hounds
47
What breed suffers from bovine thrombopathia?
Simmentals
48
What is the cause of essential thrombocythemia?
myeloproliferative disorder Persistent ncrease in platelets Variable function - may see petechiea or thormbosis
49
What are TPO levels like in essential thrombocythemia?
normal or increased
50
VWF circulates bound to ___
factor VIII
51
what are the 3 multimers of VWF?
small medium large
52
What kind of bleeding do you see with VW disease?
mucosal bleeding
53
Do you get petechiae with VW disease?
No. Use to differentiate
54
Why might PTT be prolonged in VW disease?
decrease in factor VIII
55
What species is VW disease most common in?
dogs
56
What is type 1 VW?
all multimers present but at decreased numbers
57
What proportion of normal does VWF have to reach before you get bleeding?
<20%
58
What breed is VWD 1 common in?
dobermans
59
How is VW inherited?
autosomal recessive
60
What is VW disease 2?
abnormalities in VWF structure and function Decrease in large multimers severe and uncommon
61
What breeds is VW disease 2 seen in?
pointers
62
What is VW disease 3?
Absence of all multimers
63
What breeds is VW disease 3 seen in?
Chesapeake bay retrievers | scottish terriers
64
How do you test for Vw disease?
measure vWF:Ag
65
What tube should you use for collection of blood to measure vWF:Ag
EDTA or citrate
66
What ratio should you use in a citrate tube
1: 9 blood: citrate
67
What in the sample affects VWF numbers?
clots and hemolysis | not lipemia
68
If doing an ELISA for vWF what is considered decreased?
<50%
69
What can you use to separate relative amounts of multimers of VWF?
immunoelectrophoresis | needed for diagnosis of type 2 disease
70
ELISA: | <50% are considered ___ and can/can't transmit to offspring
carriers | can
71
ELISA: | 50-69% are considered ___ and can/can't transmit to offspring
borderline | can
72
ELISA: | 70-100% are considered ___ and can/can't transmit to offspring
free from disease | can't
73
What is the best blood product for VWD?
cryoprecipitate
74
What drug can you give VW dogs before surgery to increase VWF?
desmopressin intranasal
75
What should you do with your citrate coag samples?
spin and separate within 1 hour | analyze within 4 hours or freeze
76
What should you do if there are clots in the tube or lid?
re-sample
77
What pathways are tested in the ACT?
Intrinsic and common
78
How do you do an ACT?
Collect into citrate tube with dichotamous earth | Incubate 60s at 37 degrees and check every 5-10 seconds for clot formation
79
ACT will be prolonged by....
thrombocytopenia
80
ACT is more or less sensitive than PTT?
less
81
PTT looks at which pathways?
intrinsic and common
82
What do you incubate the plasma with for PTT?
excess phospholipid calcium contact activator
83
What things interfere with clot detection?
lipemia, hemolysis, icterus
84
What factors are potentially implicated if PTT increased?
``` intrinsic XII XI IX VIII common X V prothrombin fibrinogen ```
85
haemophilia will give prolonged ....
PTT | ACT
86
What are other causes of prolonged PTT?
factor XII deficiency rodenticide DIC liver disease
87
Is PTT affected by thrombocytopenia?
no
88
What pathways are assessed by PT?
common and extrinsic
89
How do you do PT?
incubate plasma with TF and calcium
90
Factor activity must be
30
91
Which will increase first with vit K deficiency, PT or PTT
PT - VII shortest half life
92
Is PT affected by thrombocytopenia?
no
93
What is a latex agglutination test used for?
FDPs
94
how are D dimers made?
plasmin mediated degradation of cross linked fibrin
95
What are the vitamin K dependent factors?
II, VII, IX, X
96
Where are vit K dependent clotting factors produced?
liver
97
How do you give vit K therapy?
Sub Q or oral with fatty meal
98
How long after vit K treatment do you expect PT and PTT to decrease?
12 h
99
How long do you need to treat for with a) first gen rodenticide b) second or third gen?
a) 1 week | b) 3 weeks
100
When should you re-check PT after rodenticide?
24-48h after last vit K, another 2 weeks therapy if prolonged
101
What is deficient in haemophilia A and B?
A factor VIII | B factor IX
102
What is the highest blood product in factor VIII?
cryoprecipitate
103
What test abnormalities will you see with DIC?
``` thrombocytopenia increased PT and PTT FDPs decreased fibrinogen decreased AT III ```
104
What is the treatment for DIC?
Heparin transfuse blood aspirin poor prognosis

Blood (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions