Haematology

Question 1

When doing a PCV you get serum or plasma?

Answer 1

Plasma (still contains clotting factors)

Question 2

what on the haematology would tell you if cells were normocytic/microcytic etc?

Answer 2

MCV

Question 3

What on the haematology would tell you if cells were normochromic, hyperchromic etc?

Answer 3

MCHC

Question 4

3 examples of conditions which might give you microcytosis?

Answer 4

Iron deficiency (allows one more division)
PSS
Hepatic disease

Question 5

What is an ‘abnormality’ that is normal for akita RBCs?

Answer 5

microsytosis

Question 6

What is an ‘abnormality’ that is normal for poodle RBCs?

Answer 6

macrocytosis

Question 7

Why might you get hypochromasia?

Answer 7

Iron deficiency

Question 8

What are the 2 possible reasons for regenerative anaemia?

Answer 8

Haemolysis, haemorrhage

Question 9

3 common causes of non-regenerative anaemia?

Answer 9

Chronic disease
Chronic renal disease (EPO)
Abnormal production/BM disease

Question 10

What is the difference between polychromatophils and reticulocytes?

Answer 10

They are the same cells. Geimsa/diff quick = polychromatophils
NMB=reticulocytes

Question 11

What is the progression of reticulocytes in the circulation in cats?
What should the haematology therefore state?

Answer 11

Aggregate –> punctate

Should record aggregates or both

Question 12

How is a reticulocyte % calculated

Answer 12

1000 RBCs counted

Question 13

How do you get a corrected reticulocyte %?

Answer 13

reticulocyte % x (patient PCV/normal PCV)

Question 14

How do you get absolute reticulocytes?

Answer 14

[RBC] x retic %

Question 15

What value constitutes regernerative anaemia in a) dogs b) cats in terms of retic %?

Answer 15

> 1% dog

>0.4% cat

Question 16

Name 7 signs of regeneration

Answer 16

Polychromasia, anisocytosis, howell-jolly bodies, codocytes, basophilic stippling, macrocytosis, nRBCs

Question 17

What are the 5 types of cells incorporated in total WBCs?

Answer 17

Neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils

Question 18

5 causes for neutrophilia on CBC?

Answer 18

Acute inflammatory (SNP depleted)
Chronic inflammatory (proNP, matNP & SNP enlarged)
Steroid response - less marginated 
Physiologic - less marginated 
Leukemia

Question 19

5 causes of neutropenia on CBC?

Answer 19

Inflammatory neutropenia (all in tissues)
Endotoxin neutropenia (more marginated)
Peripheral destruction
Granulocytic hypoplasia neutropenia
Ineffective production

Question 20

What is the difference between a regenerative left shift and a degenerative left shift?

Answer 20

regenerative: neutrophilia, Bands < segmented
degenerative: neutropenia, Bands > segmented

Question 21

In acute leukemia, there are ______ cells in the circulation

Answer 21

blast

Question 22

Acute leukemia is more likely to be lymphoid or myeloid?

Answer 22

lymphoid.

Difficult to distinguish from stage 5 lymphoma

Question 23

Signs of segmentation in acute leukemia indicate ____

Answer 23

myeloid

Question 24

Chronic lymphoid leukemia shows small/large, mature/immature lymphocytes in the circulation.
High or low numbers?

Answer 24

small, mature, consistently high numbers

Question 25

Chronic myeloid leukemia shows normal/abnormal neutrophils? | High or low numbers?

Answer 25

normal neutrophils. | Consistently high numbers.

Question 26

how do you do a manual platelet count?

Answer 26

count per x10 field in the monolayer. | multiply by 15-20