Foals and horses

Question 1

At what age do foals get functional T cells?

Answer 1

100 days of gestation

Question 2

At what age do foals get functional T cells?

Answer 2

100 days of gestation

Question 3

At what age do foals get functional B cells?

Answer 3

200 days gestation

Question 4

Is there transfer across the placenta to foals?

Answer 4

No

Question 5

When is colostrum produced?

Answer 5

In the last 2 weeks of pregnancy

Question 6

How much should the foal drink how quickly?

Answer 6

1-2 litres in first 3 hours

Question 7

When can you measure Ig and when does it peak?

Answer 7

meaure 4-6 hours

peak 18-24h

Question 8

At what age do foals get functional B cells?

Answer 8

200 days gestation

Question 9

Is there transfer across the placenta to foals?

Answer 9

No

Question 10

When is colostrum produced?

Answer 10

In the last 2 weeks of pregnancy

Question 11

How much should the foal drink how quickly?

Answer 11

1-2 litres in first 3 hours

Question 12

When can you measure Ig and when does it peak?

Answer 12

meaure 4-6 hours

peak 18-24h

Question 13

How long after birth are foals able to absorb Ig?

Answer 13

12-24h

Question 14

When do foals reach the levels of antibody adults have?

Answer 14

5-10 months

Question 15

What is the half life of MDA?

Answer 15

20-30 days

Question 16

What should the SG of colostrum be?

Answer 16

> 1.060

Question 17

What constitutes total FPT?

Answer 17

<4g/L

Question 18

What constitutes partial FPT?

Answer 18

4-8 g/L

Question 19

What constitutes succesful transfer?

Answer 19

> 8g/L

Question 20

What is the appropriate treatment of a foal under 12 hours with FPT that is not sick?

Answer 20

1-2 L by NGT in 200-400ml amounts at a time

Question 21

What is the appropriate treatment of a foal over 12 hours with FPT or that is sick?

Answer 21

Plasma

Question 22

How do you administer plasma to a foal?

Answer 22

Use specific giving set

Give slowly first 15 mins (1 drop per second), monitor TPR every 5 mins. If no reaction after 15 mins give rest quickly

Question 23

What should you do if there is a plasma reaction?

Answer 23

Stop transfusion
Flunixin, possible fluids
Wait 1-2 hours and restart infusion. If reacts again use different batch

Question 24

What happens in neonatal isoerythrolysis?

Answer 24

mare exposed to foal RBCs via placenta or at parturition

makes antibodies against foal RBCs which go into colostrum

Question 25

In neonatal erythrolysis is it intra or extravascular haemolysis?

Answer 25

both

Question 26

How old are foals when they show signs of NI?

Answer 26

1-12 days

Question 27

How do you confirm neonatal isoerythrolysis?

Answer 27

haemolytic cross match. | Requires rabbit complement

Question 28

How do you give NI foals a blood transfusion?

Answer 28

WASH RBC from the mare. NOT her plasma. Or blood donor negative for Aa Qa

Question 29

SCID is inherited how?

Answer 29

Autosomal recessive

Question 30

At what age do SCID foals generally die?

Answer 30

5 months

Question 31

Do horses have reticulocytes in the circulation?

Answer 31

No, can't tell reg from non reg unless BM aspirate.

Question 32

Howell jolly bodies are normal in horse circulation

Answer 32

:)

Question 33

What are the main lab signs of anaemia in horses?

Answer 33

``` increased lactate decreased PvO2 (venous oxygen) ```

Question 34

____ is not a good indicator of anaemia in the first 24 hours

Answer 34

PCV

Question 35

How do you diagnose IMHA in horses?

Answer 35

Can do coombs test | Flow cytometry definitive - demonstrates antibodies on RBC

Question 36

Treatment for IMHA in horses

Answer 36

transfusion if inadequate oxygen delivery | Steroids, Azothioprine or cyclophosphamide

Question 37

What kind of virus is EIA?

Answer 37

lentivirus

Question 38

What is the only possible treatment for EIA and why?

Answer 38

Kill it | Persistent Infection

Question 39

What are the 3 syndromes of EIA?

Answer 39

acute chronic inapparent

Question 40

How do you diagnose EIA?

Answer 40

Coggins test | ELISA

Question 41

what is the pathogenesis of red maple leaf toxicity?

Answer 41

Fe2 --> Fe3 (methaemoglobin), can't carry oxygen

Question 42

How do heinz bodies come about?

Answer 42

oxidative damage