coastal systems -coastal management (sustainable approaches)

Question 1

why is there a need for more substance approaches?

Answer 1

.coastal communities around the world face the dynamic nature of the coast’s everyday environment -increasingly face threat from rising global sea levels and increased frequency of storm hazards
.to ensure the well-being of people and the coastal environment

Question 2

what have new approaches been focused on?

Answer 2

.since the 1990s new approaches to the management and mitigation of coastal flood risk and coastal erosion have focused on sustainability

Question 3

when were the shoreline management plans introduced?

Answer 3

.1995

Question 4

what were shoreline management plans introduced to do?

Answer 4

.move away from a piecemeal approach to a more integrated approach to coastal management

Question 5

where are the shoreline management plans?

Answer 5

.along the 11 sediment cells

Question 6

how many SMP’s are there?

Answer 6

.22

Question 7

what principle is each SMP based on?

Answer 7

.the principle that intervention will largely self-contained within each cell, having little or no knock-on effects elsewhere

Question 8

what are the 3 types of SMP?

Answer 8

.short term -0-20 years
.medium term -20-50 years
.long term -50-100 years

Question 9

what are the four management options?

Answer 9

.hold the line
.advance the line
.managed retreat
.do nothing/no active intervention (allowing natural courses to take their place)

Question 10

what does hold the line involve?

Answer 10

.measures put in place to stop further coastal retreat due to erosion -often using hard engineering strategies

Question 11

what does advance the line involve?

Answer 11

.extending the coastline further from the existing shore out to sea -by encouraging the build-up of a wider beach, using beach nourishment and groyne construction

Question 12

what does managed retreat involve?

Answer 12

.when coastlines are allowed to retreat in a managed way eg -when flood banks protecting low value farmland are deliberately breached to create salt- marsh environments

Question 13

what is integrated coastal zone management?

Answer 13

.the process that brings together all of those involved in the development, management and use of the coast

Question 14

what is the aim of integrated costal zone management?

Answer 14

.establish sustainable levels of economic and social activity -resolve environmental social and economic challenges and conflicts

Question 15

what does the move to adopt an ICZM strategy mean?

Answer 15

.that complete sections of coast are being managed as a whole rather than individual towns or villages