coastal systems -geomorphological processes (marine processes -erosion)

Question 1

what are the 2 types of geomorphological processes?

Answer 1

.marine
.sub aerial

Question 2

what are marine processes?

Answer 2

.processes that occur in the ocean

Question 3

what are the 3 marine processes?

Answer 3

.erosion
.deposition
.transportation

Question 4

what is meant by erosion?

Answer 4

.the wearing away and removal of material

Question 5

what are the 6 processes of erosion?

Answer 5

.hydraulic action
.wave quarrying
.corrasion
.abrasion
.solution
.attrition

Question 6

what is hydraulic action?

Answer 6

.caused by the sheer force of water crashing against the coastline -he water traps and compresses air in joints and cracks in cliffs
.as the wave retreats, the air expands
.over time weakening the cliff causing pieces to break off

Question 7

what is wave quarrying?

Answer 7

.where waves pull the sediment towards it and remove the sediment from the landscape
.waves that scoop the loose material away

Question 8

what is corrasion?

Answer 8

.sand and pebbles are picked up from the seabed by the waves as they advance towards the coast
.as waves break, the transported material is thrown at the cliffs, chipping away at the rock

Question 9

what is abrasion?

Answer 9

.abrasion involves waves picking up sediment from the seabed as it advances towards the coast
.the transported material is dragged across the shoreline, wearing away and smoothing any rocky surfaces
. ‘sandpapering’ effect
.contributes the the formation of wave cut platforms

Question 10

what is solution?

Answer 10

.weak acids in seawater which dissolve alkaline rocks or the alkaline cement that bonds rock together eg -chalk and limestone
.over time the rocks crumble and sediment is washed away

Question 11

what is attrition?

Answer 11

.the gradual wearing down of rocks due to the impact of abrasion, and the impact of them bashing into one another as they are moved by waves, tides and currents
.over time, rocks become smaller, rounder and smoother

Question 12

what are the 4 main factors that affect erosion at the coast?

Answer 12

.geology
.presence of a beach
.coastal management
.wave energy

Question 13

how does geology affect the rate of erosion at the coast?

Answer 13

.arguably the most important factor
.the less resistant the rock, the higher the rate of erosion eg -clay
.a concordance coastline (rocks lie parallel to the coast) -erosion happens at the same rate along the coast
.a discordant coastline (alternating bands of rock that lie at right angles to the coastline)

Question 14

how does the presence or absence of a beach affect the amount of erosion that takes place?

Answer 14

.a beach absorbs energy from the waves and protects the foot of the cliffs -so if there is no beach or only a very narrow beach, the coast is more vulnerable to erosion

Question 15

how does coastal management affect the rate of erosion?

Answer 15

.hard engineering strategies can alter the amount of erosion taking place -groynes can prevent longshore drift however the area beyond the groyne will therefore lack sediment, which leaves the cliff exposed to erosion

Question 16

how does wave energy affect the rate of erosion?

Answer 16

.high energy coastlines are associated with more powerful destructive waves so rates of erosion exceeds the rate of deposition​
.low-energy coastlines have less powerful waves so rates of ​deposition exceed the rates of erosion​