coastal systems -east Norfolk coast (case study)

Question 1

what is the local case study for coastal environment?

Answer 1

.east coast of norfolk

Question 2

what is the east coast of Norfolk like?

Answer 2

.mainly rural with small settlements
.low-lying land, particularly to the south (indicator of less resistant rock)
.protection habitats -Norfolk broads and sand dunes

Question 3

what are the main settlements from north to south of the east coast of Norfolk?

Answer 3

.bacton
.happisburgh
.sea palling
.winterton

Question 4

what are the coastal processes happening at the east coast of Norfolk?

Answer 4

.av rate of erosion -2m per year
.deposition -Longshore drift is moving material southwards
.rotational slumping -sub aerial (mass movement)

Question 5

why is the rate of erosion for the east coast of Norfolk so high?

Answer 5

.because there is less resistant rock (boulder clay) which was deposited by advancing ice during the last glacial period

Question 6

what characteristic of the east coast of Norfolk which causes potential factors in the future?

Answer 6

.long fetch -because climate change will bring more storms -so more powerful destructive waves -so more erosion

Question 7

what is the history of the east Norfolk coast?

Answer 7

.history of coastal flooding

Question 8

what is the geology like at the east Norfolk coast?

Answer 8

.boulder clay or glacial till -easily eroded
.unconsolidated -results in rotational slumping and high rates of erosion
.climate change bringing more storms will further affect the rates of erosion as there is more powerful destructive waves

Question 9

what was the traditional approach to coastal management at the east coast of Norfolk?

Answer 9

.peicemeal approach -every council did what they wanted without thinking about impacts further down the coastline
.use of groynes and rock armour -just shifted the problem (example of hold the line policy)
.short term approach

Question 10

what is the sustainable coastal management at the east coast of Norfolk?

Answer 10

.SMP 6 -covers a sub cell of sediment cell 3
.key stakeholders are the environment agency, north Norfolk district council and local councils
.thinking about the long terms -50-100 years
.uses integrated coastal zone management

Question 11

what management is happening at bacton gas terminal?

Answer 11

.old SMP -hold the line
.short term SMP -hold the line
.medium term SMP -hold the line
.long term SMP -hold the line (strengthen defences and use sediment bypassing to protect areas downdrift
.beyond SMP lifespan -managed retreat and relocate terminal

Question 12

what management is happening at happisburgh?

Answer 12

.old SMP -do nothing
.short term SMP-hold the line if possible
.medium term SMP-managed retreat and social mitigation
.long term SMP- managed retreat
.beyond the SMP -managed retreat

Question 13

what management is happening at sea palling?

Answer 13

.old SMP -advance the line with offshore reefs
.short term SMP-hold the line and doing long term feasibility studies on the inundation on broadland
.medium term SMP-hold the line
.long term SMP-managed retreat to protect areas of broadland
.beyond the SMP -outcome dependent on studies

Question 14

what management is happening at winterton?

Answer 14

.old SMP-do nothing
.short term SMP -do nothing but studies on effects of disrupted sediment transfer
.medium term SMP -managed retreat and social mitigation
.long term SMP -managed retreat
.beyond the SMP -management retreat and identify flood risk

Question 15

what is the conclusion/evaluation of management at the east coast of Norfolk?

Answer 15

.illustrates the complexities of managing a coastline and shows why managed retreat or do nothing is the main policy for most locations as you have to take into account cost and likely effect on other locations in the sediment cell
.rising sea levels and more intense storms means holding the line is rarely a sustainable option