Coccidian II

Question 1

Though rare, it has a wide geographical distribution (higher prevalence in warmer climates).

Answer 1

Isospora Belli

Question 2

The least common of the intestinal coccidia that infect humans.

Answer 2

Isospora Belli

Question 3

Can cause severe disease with fever, malaise, persistent diarrhea and even death in AIDS patients.

Answer 3

Isospora Belli

Question 4

Monoxenous (required one host) , probably not zoonosis: Asexual and sexual multiplication occurs in man.

Answer 4

Isospora Belli

Question 5

Mode of Transmission: Human are probably infected by accidental hand-to-mouth ingestion of mature oocyst in food and water.

Answer 5

Isospora Belli

Question 6

Habitat: Distal duodenum and proximal jejunum.

Answer 6

Isospora Belli

Question 7

It may be from mild gastrointestinal distress to severe dysentery.

Answer 7

Clinical Manifestations — Isospora Belli

Question 8

The loose, pale yellow and foul-smelling stools are suggestive of?

Answer 8

Malabsorption process

Question 9

Infections are often asymptomatic and self -limiting.

Answer 9

Clinical Manifestations — Isospora Belli

Question 10

There may be diarrhea over a period of several months to 15 years.

Answer 10

Clinical Manifestations — Isospora Belli

Question 11

There may be chronic diarrhea, vague or crampy abdominal pain, weight loss, weakness, malaise and anorexi

Answer 11

Clinical Manifestations — Isospora Belli

Question 12

The name is dervived from Greek: sarx means?

Answer 12

flesh

Question 13

cystis means

Answer 13

bladder

Question 14

rare human infection.

Answer 14

Sarcocystis

Question 15

heteroxenous parasite

Answer 15

Sarcocystis

Question 16

originally identified as 2 species.

Answer 16

Sarcocystis

Question 17

taxonomic confusion

Answer 17

Sarcocystios

Question 18

[2] generally named after host species

Answer 18

1. Sarcocystis hominis
2. Sarcocystis suihominis

Question 19

[2] heteroxenous parasite

Answer 19

1. predator-prey life cycle
2. humans support both stages

Question 20

originally identified as [2] species

Answer 20

intestine - isospora
tissue - sarcocystis

Question 21

First human case reported in 1976.

Answer 21

Cryptosporidium spp.

Question 22

Self-limiting diarrhea in immunocompetent persons.

Answer 22

Cryptosporidium spp.

Question 23

Profuse, watery diarrhea associated with AIDS (life threatening).

Answer 23

Cryptosporidium spp.

Question 24

Disease: Cryptosporidiosis

Answer 24

Cryptosporidium hominis

Question 25

Common cause of diarrhea among travelers and in day care centers.

Answer 25

Cryptosporidium hominis

Question 26

World wide in distribution.

Answer 26

Cryptosporidium hominis

Question 27

Can occur as water-borne outbreaks.

Answer 27

Cryptosporidium hominis

Question 28

Zoonosis from domestic animals.

Answer 28

Cryptosporidium hominis

Question 29

More common in children than adult.

Answer 29

Cryptosporidium hominis

Question 30

- 4-5 mm oocysts - 4 sporozoites - no sporocysts

Answer 30

Cryptosporidium hominis

Question 31

Brush border of the mucosal epithelium of the stomach or intestine.

Answer 31

Habitat of Cryptosporidium Hominis

Question 32

May involved the gallbladder and pancreatic duct.

Answer 32

Habitat of Cryptosporidium Hominis

Question 33

Villi of intestine: infiltration of inflammatory cells into the lamina propia and elongated crypts.

Answer 33

Pathogenesis of Cryptosporidum Hominis

Question 34

Diarrhea and Nausea and vomiting, abdominal cramps, weight loss and fever.

Answer 34

Clinical manifestations of Cryptosporidium Hominis

Question 35

First human case in 1979.

Answer 35

Cyclospora Cayetanensis

Question 36

Name in 1993

Answer 36

Cyclospora Cayetanensis

Question 37

Initially called ‘cyano-bacteria like body’ (CLB) or large Cryptosporidium

Answer 37

Cyclospora Cayetanensis

Question 38

no known animal reservoir.

Answer 38

Cyclospora Cayetanensis

Question 39

More common in tropical and sub-tropical areas.

Answer 39

Cyclospora Cayetanensis

Question 40

Infection most common in HIV/AIDS patients.

Answer 40

Cyclospora Cayetanensis

Question 41

In freshly passed in stools, the oocyst is not infective (direct fecal oral transmission cannot occur; this differentiates from Cryptosporidium).

Answer 41

Cyclospora Cayetanensis

Question 42

In the environment, sporulation occurs after days or weeks at temperatures between 22°C to 32°C, resulting in division of the sporoblast into two sporocysts, each containing two elongate sporozoites.

Answer 42

Cyclospora Cayetanensis

Question 43

8-10 mm oocyts 2 sporocysts 2 sporozoites each

Answer 43

Cyclospora Cayetanensis

Question 44

Fresh produce and water can serve as vehicles for transmission

Answer 44

Cyclospora cayetanensis

Question 45

birds

Answer 45

C. baileyi

Question 46

cat

Answer 46

C. felis

Question 47

birds

Answer 47

C. baileyi

Question 48

cat

Answer 48

C. felis

Question 49

turkeys

Answer 49

C. meleagridis

Question 50

mouse

Answer 50

C. muris

Question 51

fish

Answer 51

C. nasorum

Question 52

mammals

Answer 52

C. parvum

Question 53

humans

Answer 53

C. hominis