Introduction — Prelim

Question 1

It is the area of biology concerned with the phenomenon of dependence of one living organism on another.

Answer 1

Parasitology

Question 2

It is concerned primarily with parasites of humans and their medical significance, as well as their importance in human communities.

Answer 2

Medical Parasitology

Question 3

It is branch of medicine that deals with tropical diseases and other special medical problems of tropical regions.

Answer 3

Tropical Medicine

Question 4

It is an illness, which is indigenous to or endemic in a tropical area but may also occur in sporadic or epidemic proportions in areas that are not tropical.

Answer 4

Tropical disease

Question 5

It is the living together of unlike organisms. It may also involve protection or other advantages to one or both organisms.

Answer 5

Symbiosis

Question 6

It exists when two symbionts are merely “traveling together”, and there is no physiological or biochemical dependence on the part of either participant.

Answer 6

Phoresis

Question 7

It is a symbiosis in which two organisms mutually benefit from each other.

Answer 7

Mutualism

Question 8

It is a symbiotic relationship in which two species benefits from one species benefits from the relationship without harming or benefiting the other.

Answer 8

Commensalism

Question 9

It is a symbiotic relationship where on organism , the parasite, lives in or on another, depending on the latter for its survival and usually at the expense of the host.

Answer 9

Parasitism

Question 10

A parasite living inside the body of a host.

Answer 10

Endoparasite

Question 11

The presence of an endoparasite in a host is called what?

Answer 11

Infection

Question 12

A parasite living outside the body of a host.

Answer 12

Ectoparasite

Question 13

The presence of an ectoparasite on a host is called what?

Answer 13

Infestation

Question 14

According to relationship between host and parasite — It remains on or in the body of the host for its entire life.

Answer 14

Permanent

Question 15

According to relationship between host and parasite — It lives on the host only for a short period of time.

Answer 15

Temporary

Question 16

According to relationship between host and parasite — It is a free-living organism that passes through the digestive tract without infecting the host.

Answer 16

Spurious

Question 17

It is known as the organism that provides physical protection and nourishment to the parasite.

Answer 17

Hosts

Question 18

6 types of Host

Answer 18

1. Definitive Host
2. Intermediate Host
3. First Intermediate Host
4. Second Intermediate Host
5. Paratenic Host
6. Reservoir Host

Question 19

It is one in which the parasite attains sexual maturity.

(types of host)

Answer 19

Definitive Host

Question 20

It harbors the asexual of larval stage of the parasite.

(types of host)

Answer 20

Intermediate Host

Question 21

Harbors the early larval stage of parasite.

(types of host)

Answer 21

First Intermediate Host

Question 22

Harbors the infective larval stage of parasite.

(types of host)

Answer 22

Second Intermediate Host

Question 23

It is one in which thee parasite does not develop further to later stages. However, the parasite remains alive and is able to infect another susceptible host.

(types of host)

Answer 23

Paratenic Host

Question 24

Any animal that harbor an infection that can be transmitted to humans, even if the animal is a normal host of the parasite.

(types of host)

Answer 24

Reservoir Host

Question 25

Infective stage is called cyst.

Answer 25

Encysting protozoans

Question 26

Infective stage is called trophozite.

Answer 26

Non-encysting protozoans

Question 27

Infective stage is called the embryonated egg.

Answer 27

Egg laying nematodes

Question 28

These are responsible for transmitting the parasite from one host to another.

Answer 28

Vector

Question 29

Vector Transmitted Parasite — If the arthropod is simply an instrument of passive transfer.

Answer 29

Mechanical

Question 30

Vector Transmitted Parasite — It transmits the parasite only after the latter has completed its development within the host.

Answer 30

Biological

Question 31

It results when an infected individual becomes his own direct source of infection.

Answer 31

Autoinfection

Question 32

It happens when the already infected with the same species leading to massive infection with the same species leading to massive infection with the parasite.

Answer 32

Superinfection

Question 33

What are the most common sources of infection?

Answer 33

Contaminated soil and Water

Question 34

Modes of Transmission — The most likely portal of entry is what?

Answer 34

Mouth

Question 35

Prevention & Control — It is the avoidance of illness caused by infections. It may be achieved by periodically deworming individuals or groups, known to be at risk of morbidity.

Answer 35

Morbidity control

Question 36

Prevention & Control — It is a health education strategy that aims to encourage people to adapt and maintain health life practices.

Answer 36

Information-education-communciation

Question 37

Prevention & Control — It is the planning, organization, performance, and monitoring of activities for the modification and/or manipulation of environmental factor of their interaction with human beings.

Answer 37

Environmental management

Question 38

Prevention & Control — It involves interventions to reduce environmental health risks including the safe disposal and hygienic management of human and animal excreta, refuse, and waste water.

Answer 38

Environmental sanitation

Question 39

Prevention & Control — It is the provision of access to adequate facilities for the safe disposal of human excreta, usually combined with access to safe drinking water.

Answer 39

Sanitation

Question 40

It is used of the anthelminthic drugs in an individual or a public health program.

Answer 40

Deworming

Question 41

It refers to the number (usually expressed as a percentage) of previously positive subjects found to be egg negative on the examination of a stool or urine sample using a standard procedure at a set time after deworming. (treatment)

Answer 41

Cure rate

Question 42

It is the percentage fall in egg counts after deworming based on examination of a stool or urine sample using a standard procedure at a set time after after the treatment. (treatment)

Answer 42

Egg Reduction Rate

Question 43

It involves individual-level deworming with selection for treatment based on a diagnosis of infection or an assessment of the intensity of infection, or based in presumptive grounds. (treatment)

Answer 43

Selective treatment

Question 44

It is group-level deworming where the (risk) group to be treated (without prior diagnosis) may be defined by age, sex, or other social characteristics irrespective of infection status. (treatment)

Answer 44

Targeted treatment

Question 45

It is population-level deworming in which the community is treated irrespective of age, sex, infection status, or other social characteristics. (treatment)

Answer 45

Universal treatment

Question 46

It is the regular, systematic, large-scale intervention involving the administration of one or more drugs to selected population groups with the aim of reducing morbidity and transmission of selected helminth infections. (treatment)

Answer 46

Preventive Chemotherapy

Question 47

It is defined as permanent reduction to zero of the worldwide incidence of infection caused by a specific agent, as a result of deliberate efforts.

Answer 47

Disease Eradication

Question 48

It is a reduction to zero of the incidence of a specified disease in a defined geographic area as a result of deliberate efforts.

Answer 48

Disease Elimination

Question 49

These are provided with a nucleus or nuclei, cytoplasm, an outer limiting membrane, and cellular elaborations called organelles.

Answer 49

Protozoans

Question 50

4 Classification of Protozoa

Answer 50

1. Sarcomastigophora 2. Ciliophora 3. Apicomplexa 4. Microspora

Question 51

3 Classification of Metozoan

Answer 51

1. Platyhelminthes 2. Nemathelminths 3. Arthropoda

Question 52

Representative anti-parasitic drugs.

Answer 52

Parasite Group

Question 53

Metronidazole

Answer 53

Protozoan

Question 54

Mebendazole

Answer 54

Nematode

Question 55

Praziquantel

Answer 55

Platyhelminthes Trematodes & Cestodes

Question 56

Amoeba: Equipped with pseudopods "false feet"

Answer 56

Sarcodina

Question 57

Ciliata: ciliates: equipped with cilia, hair-like structures.

Answer 57

Ciliophora

Question 58

Flagellates: Equipped with flagellum, whip like.

Answer 58

Mastigophora

Question 59

Parasites that are not equipped with definite locomotor apparatus.

Answer 59

Amicomplexa

Question 60

Consists of spore-forming parasites of both vertebrates and invertebrates.

Answer 60

Microspora

Question 61

Trematoda: flukes-leaf-shaped elongated, slender organisms

Answer 61

Platyhelminthes

Question 62

Cestoda: tapeworm: elongated, ribbon-like, segmented orgamisms.

Answer 62

Platyhelminthes

Question 63

Nemathodes: roundworms elongated, cylindrical worms

Answer 63

Nemathelminthes

Question 64

Composed of bilaterally symmetrical organisms with segmented and jointed appendages.

Answer 64

Arthropod