Cognitive Midterm

Question 1

Which type of tracts in the CNS provide interhemispheric connection? The ____ tracts.

Answer 1

commissural Tracts

Question 2

Name the 5 lobes of the brain:

Answer 2

Frontal, Parietal, Occipital, Insula, Temporal

Question 3

Although there may be involvement across multiple lobes of the brain for cognition, the main lobe is believed to be the:

Answer 3

Frontal lobe

Question 4

Which cortex of the frontal lobe is typically associated with executive function? The ____ cortex.

Answer 4

Prefrontal

Question 5

If you were to experience agnosia, or inability to recognize objects, this would likely be due to damage of the ______ lobe of the brain.

Answer 5

Parietal

Question 6

Visual processing is believed to be involved with the ______ lobe of the brain.

Answer 6

Occipital

Question 7

What part of the brain is responsible for balance?

Answer 7

Cerebellum

Question 8

Gray matter is gray because it consist of ___

Answer 8

densely packed cell bodies

Question 9

The brain’s subcortical structures include the Thalamus, hypothalamus, pituitary gland, hippocampus, ___ and ____.

Answer 9

Amygdala and basal ganglia

Question 10

The subcortical structure believe to form and store memories associated with emotional events is the ___

Answer 10

amygdala

Question 11

The portion of the midbrain that produces the neurotransmitter dopamine is the

Answer 11

substantia nigra

Question 12

The 3 parts of the brainstem from superior to inferior are:

Answer 12

midbrain
pons
Medulla

Question 13

T/F Efferent nerves travel from the CNS to the body

Answer 13

True

Question 14

The divisions of the nervous systems are the ___ NS and the __ NS

Answer 14

Central and peripheral

Question 15

The divisions of the peripheral nervous system are the ___ Nervous System and the ___ NS

Answer 15

somatic and automatic

Question 16

The outer coverings of the brain include the __ mater, ___ mater, and the __ mater

Answer 16

dura, pia, and arachnoid membrane
(to remember order remember is alphabetic order)
dps

Question 17

T/F Afferent nerves travel from the CNS to the body,

Answer 17

FALSE (arrive-to)

Question 18

Which type of tracts in the CNS provide intrahemispheric connections?The __ tracts

Answer 18

Association

Question 19

The 2 arterial systems in the brain are the __ arteries, which provide posterior blood circulation, and the – arteries, which provide anterior circulation

Answer 19

CAROTID & Vertebral

Question 20

The two types of cells in the nervous system are the __ and the ___.

Answer 20

Glial

Neurons

Question 21

Name 3 types of sensory neuron (receptors)

Answer 21

chemoreceptors, thermoreceptors, mechanoreceptors, baroreceptors, photoreceptors,

Question 22

At the cellular level, information is transmitted in the nervous system by the conversion of what kinds of energy?

Answer 22

Electrical energy into chemical energy and then back into electrical energy

Question 23

Chemical cellular communication happens at the ____

Answer 23

synaptic cleft

Question 24

What does neurotransmitters do?

Answer 24

Transmits a message from a nerve cell across the synapse to targeted cell

Question 25

What types of attention might you test?

Answer 25

Sustained and executive

Question 26

IF there is an impairment in memory, what areas of the patient’s brain are most likely be impaired?

Answer 26

Temporal, frontal, parietal, basal ganglia, cerebrum, hippocampus, frontal, amygdala

Question 27

What types of executive functional might you test?Initiation ____,____ Mental flexibility, _________, judgement, ________reasoning, self-regulation, and ________

Answer 27

problem-solving, planning, inhibition, meta-cognition

Question 28

IF there is an impairment in executive function, what areas of the patient’s brain are most likely to be impacted? _____ and ____

Answer 28

Frontal, prefrontal, connections

Question 29

What are the main parts of an evaluation?

Answer 29

Case history, physical exam, assessment

Question 30

Types of testing task for memory: Immediate recall _____, _______, and forced choice

Answer 30

delayed recall and recognition

Question 31

What are the two types of memory systems?

Answer 31

Working memory & Long-term memory

Question 32

. t/f what might you expect considering PML affects white mater/myelin? Why?

Answer 32

Nerve impulses slow or even stop and cause neurologic deficits to cognition and/or movement TRUE

Question 33

T/F Brain function changes with MS: nerve impulses increase and decline in neurologic

Answer 33

function FALSE

Question 34

What might you expect in the terms of cognitive functioning with plaques and tangles that continue to build in the brain? T/F

Answer 34

Progressive memory impairment, possibly agnosia, apraxia, aphasia, and executive functioning deficits. TRUE

Question 35

What might you expect with loss of dopamine_____ _____ ____, ___ coordination, Slower thinking and ___

Answer 35

Rigidity, slowness, freezing, Poor Processing

Question 36

What might you expect with loss of dopamine | Attention deficits____ memory deficits____ deficits

Answer 36

Working, executive function

Question 37

Is additional testing required or should you begin treatment after the administering the MOCA?

Answer 37

Additional testing is required

Question 38

Who might get attention impairments? A) Anyone with injury/disease to the frontal lobe, B) Dementia. C) Anyone with injury/disease to the spinal cord D) Aphasia E) Anyone with injury/disease to the parietal lobe F) TBI G) Anyone with injury/disease to the temporal lobe H) Anyone with injury/disease to the nose

Answer 38

(A, B, D, E, F, G)

Question 39

In developing your treatment plan what approaches might you consider?a) Training in specific skills B) Direct training alone C) Direct training, although not by itself d) Compensatory

Answer 39

(A, C, D)

Question 40

Cognition is an umbrella for all higher metal processes:

Answer 40

``` Language Attention Memory Executive Function (LAME) ```

Question 41

According to Sohlberg and Mateer, the TWO broad component types of attention are:

Answer 41

sustained and executive control

Question 42

The 4 types of attention under executive control are

Answer 42

Alternating, suppression, working memory, selective (SAWS)

Question 43

Listening to a spoken passage in the presence of background noise requires intact attention to what kind

Answer 43

selective

Question 44

Attention is always defined in relation to a ___

Answer 44

Stimuli

Question 45

What are the various stages of information described by the stages model of human memory?

Answer 45

Storage, retrieval, encoding

Question 46

HUMAN MEMORY: delayed recall = early processing material=

Answer 46

retrieval, encoding

Question 47

Delayed recall is associated with which stage of human memory

Answer 47

Retrieval

Question 48

The early processing of material to be learned is associated with which stage of human memory

Answer 48

Encoding

Question 49

Give example of vascular disease

Answer 49

Stroke

Question 50

T/f Presence/absence of impairment can be made using results of a single cognitive communication measure

Answer 50

False

Question 51

What area of within the frontal lobe is believed to be most involved in with executive function?

Answer 51

Prefrontal Cortex

Question 52

Name the area of the brain believed to be important for the storage of new memories

Answer 52

Temporal or hippocampus

Question 53

The memory retrieval process is believed to be mediated by the ___ and the subcortical structures

Answer 53

Frontal

Question 54

Name a disease that may result in memory impairment

Answer 54

aphasia, TBI, Dementia

Question 55

Why might you consider more compensatory treatment methods for a person with dementia as opposed to rehabilitative?

Answer 55

The function cannot be recovered completely and can use strategies to improve functional performance

Question 56

T/F The use of metamemory in treatment is appropriate for all patients

Answer 56

False

Question 57

Name types of rehabilitative memory treatments

Answer 57

alphabet search, spaced retrieval, cues for retrieval, awareness training

Question 58

Name an etiology that may be associated with executive dysfunction

Answer 58

stroke, dementia, TBI

Question 59

Which are considered rehabilitative?

Answer 59

Skills-based training, direct training

Question 60

How would you describe metacognition

Answer 60

Self-awareness

Question 61

Data collection on an individual is a type of ___ evidence?

Answer 61

internal

Question 62

Two types of treatment are _______ and ______

Answer 62

Rehabilitative and compensatory

Question 63

T/F A screener is used to identify presence of impairment is usually is pass/fail

Answer 63

True

Question 64

Rehabilitative is ___ & ____

Answer 64

skills based and direct training

Question 65

How might you expect to the brain to function with inflammation in the brain? _____ neuronal communication,_____ death, Memory acquisition deficits, Visual______ deficits and Categorization deficits

Answer 65

a) Slowed b) Cell c) Perception