Comm. Disorders in Adults Chapter 3

Question 1

Underlying cause of symptoms or deficit.

Answer 1

Etiology

Question 2

Stroke/Cerebro-vascular accidents, Aneurysms, Traumatic brain injury, Surgical trauma, Degenerative conditions, Idiopathic condition.

Answer 2

Common causes/ etiologies

Question 3

Third leading cause of death in the United States & leading cause for hospital admission and long-term disability.

Answer 3

Stroke/ Cerebro-vascular accidents (CVA)

Question 4

Every __ seconds someone in the US has a stroke and every _ minutes someone dies from a stroke

Answer 4

40; 4

Question 5

41.2% of people who have a stroke will suffer from _______

Answer 5

Aphasia

Question 6

High blood pressure, sedentary lifestyle, physical inactivity etc.

Answer 6

Potential causes for a stroke

Question 7

Complete lack of oxygen supply to tissue.

Answer 7

Anoxia

Question 8

Partial loss of oxygen to tissue

Answer 8

Hypoxia

Question 9

The brain can go - minutes without oxygen.

Answer 9

6-8

Question 10

What are the two types of strokes?

Answer 10

Ischemic and Hemorrhagic

Question 11

Focal damage within the brain

Answer 11

Ischemic core (infarct)

Question 12

Irreversible death of cells

Answer 12

Tissue necrosis

Question 13

Area around the Ischemic core; lost the appropriate level of blood supply to function

Answer 13

Ischemic penumbra

Question 14

1. Accumulation of fatty materials on the walls of the arteries thereby narrowing the blood vessels. 2. Atherosclerosis

Answer 14

Causes of Ischemic strokes

Question 15

1. Loss of strength or sensation on one side of the body. 2. Problems with speech and language. 3. Changes in vision or balance

Answer 15

Symptoms of an Ischemic stroke

Question 16

An occlusion that forms slowly in an artery.

Answer 16

Thrombus

Question 17

A mass (blood clot_ that originates in the body and travels through the vascular system.

Answer 17

Embolus

Question 18

Small ischemic clot within the brain that resolves within 24 hours

Answer 18

Transient Ischemic attack

Question 19

1. Blood vessel ruptures within the brain
2. Immediate surgery required
3. Less chance for survival
   Intracranial pressure – increased pressure within the brain

Answer 19

Pathophysiology of a Hemorrhagic stroke

Question 20

1. High blood pressure. 2. Alcohol abuse.

Answer 20

Potential causes of a Hemorrhagic stroke

Question 21

Sudden onset of a severe headache (thunderclap headache).

Answer 21

Symptom of a hemorrhagic stroke

Question 22

Bleeding that occurs between the surface of the cerebrum and the skull

Answer 22

Sub-arachnoid hemorrhage

Question 23

Blood vessels burst or rupture in the brain

Answer 23

Intracerebral hemorrhagic

Question 24

Abnormal stretching and ballooning of the wall of a blood vessel. This often happens in the circle of Willis

Answer 24

Aneurysm

Question 25

Severe headache, nausea, vomiting, blurred vision, sensitivity to light, seizures, and loss of consciousness

Answer 25

symptoms of an aneurysm

Question 26

True or False: There are no symptoms of an aneurysm until it ruptures.

Answer 26

True

Question 27

Serious or life-threatening damage to the brain that occurs because of an external and forceful event.

Answer 27

Traumatic Brain Injury

Question 28

True or False: Damage to CNS and PNS can be viral, bacterial, fungal or parasitic

Answer 28

True

Question 29

Inflammation or infection to the brain or spinal cord; can be viral or bacterial with head ache, fever, confusion and seizures

Answer 29

Encephalitis

Question 30

Human Immunodeficiency virus leads to ____ (acquired immune deficiency syndrome) transmitted through sexual contact, through blood, or from infected mother to her child; weakens the immune system; neuro related problems – dementia, neuro-cognitive disorder

Answer 30

AIDS

Question 31

degenerative & fatal brain disease; results in involuntary movement disturbances (myoclonus), dementia, behavioral abnormality, irrelevant talk, slurred speech, and akinetic mutism

Answer 31

Creutzfeldt - Jakob Disease

Question 32

Neurosyphilis affects the nervous system resulting in meningitis, head ache, stiff neck, changes in vision or visual abnormalities

Answer 32

Syphilis

Question 33

Viral infection primarily attacks the children; affects the nerve tacks of the PNS; highly preventable with vaccine; paralysis and weak reflexed in lower part of the body

Answer 33

Polio-myelitis

Question 34

It occurs because of stroke, TBI, surgical trauma. Sudden, periodic, abnormal level of electrical discharge in the brain. Can cause severe damage to brain structures and can lead to death

Answer 34

Seizures

Question 35

Pathologic levels of electrical activity confined to one area of the brain

Answer 35

Partial seizures

Question 36

Affects the entire brain and associated with total loss of consciousness and awareness.

Answer 36

Generalized seizures