Intro to Research Lectures 7-11 Flashcards
- find a potential answer to a question. 2. confirm an answer to a question either immediately or after a delay. 3. identify procedures or outcome measures. 4. identify a problem to study or related methods to use
four purposes of a scholarly search
typically start with
web-based search engines
google scholar, pub med, ERIC, ASHA Wire, SpeechBite, OSU Library Search
web-based search engines
your collection of relevant articles, should be well organized, original source as well as your own notes
building a literature review: Informal
a part of a research paper in which relevant scholarly work is reviews
Describes critical details of the source. Should be up-to-date with many representative scholarly sources. Links sources to each other and to the larger goal(s) of the paper . Includes a formal evaluation of the source
Building a literature review: formal
well-designed meta-analysis > 1 randomized controlled trials
Level 1a
well designed single RCT with a narrow confidence band; quality controls must be reported
Level 1b
a systematic review or meta-analysis of Level II-IV design; meta-analyses that don’t meet Level 1a criteria
Level 2a
well-designed and controlled study without randomization, or a lower-quality RCT
level 2b
case-studies, multiple-baseline research designs; observational study with quality controls, for example, retrospective studies
level 3
observational studies without controls
level 4
expert committee report, consensus conference, clinical experience of respected authorites
level 5
evidence levels 1a or 1b; quality controls present; relevant to client/patient and SLP
conclusive
evidence levels 1a through 2b with some problems with quality controls; mostly relevant to client and SLP
preponderant
evidence level 3 with some quality controls (and some missing); some relevance to client and SLP
suggestive
evidence level 4 and below; missing quality controls; limited relevance to either client or SLP
inconclusive
research that lacks the manipulation of an independent variable, random assignment of participants to conditions or orders of conditions, or both.
nonexperimental research
involves observational procedures and measurements that are numeric in nature
quantitative research
involves observational procedures and documentation that are nonnumeric
qualitative research
A field of study related to how people persuade each other
rhetoric
Which of the following does observation most clearly rely on?
The five senses, especially sight and hearing
What does the “R” represent in the SMART acronym for scientific questions?
relevant
Which of the following is the most certain, most reliable source of information?
academic sources
the highest level of quality in the evidence hierarchy
A meta-analysis that includes two or more randomized controlled trials
