communicable diseases

Question 1

what are pathogens

Answer 1

microorganisms which cause infectious diseases

Question 2

why cant viruses reproduce on their own

Answer 2

they can only reproduce in a host cell

Question 3

how do viruses reproduce

Answer 3

first the virus invades the host cell and then reproduces in it

Question 4

how does virus reproduction affect cells

Answer 4

virus reproduction in cells is very damaging to the cells

Question 5

if the virus leaves the cell what can happen

Answer 5

the cell can burst and die

Question 6

what kind of cell is fungi
(2 points)

Answer 6

eukaryotic and can be unicellular or multicellular

Question 7

what structures do fungi have and how does this cause disease

Answer 7

fungi have long threadlike structures called hyphae which can penetrate human skin or spread over plants

Question 8

how do more fungi generate

Answer 8

fungi can produce spores and grow into more fungi

Question 9

what kind of cell is protist
2 points

Answer 9

eukaryotic, uni or multicellular

Question 10

how do protists spread disease

Answer 10

they are transported by vectors which carry the disease and spread it to other organisms

Question 11

vectors do not_

Answer 11

vectors do not receive the disease itself

Question 12

what are some protists

Answer 12

parasites

Question 13

what kind of cell is bacteria

Answer 13

prokaryotic

Question 14

how does bacteria cause illness

Answer 14

bacteria reproduces rapidly
they release harmful toxins which damage tissues and make us feel ill

Question 15

how can pathogens be spread

Answer 15

in the air
water droplets in air from coughing or sneezing
in water like cholera
direct contact eg needles
sexual intercourse
hygiene

Question 16

what kind of pathogen is measles

Answer 16

virus

Question 17

what are the 2 symptoms of measles

Answer 17

1. a fever
2. a red rash after 3 days on the body

Question 18

how is measles spread

Answer 18

when a person inhales water droplets that an affected person spread through coughing or sneezing

Question 19

what can happen is serious cases of measles

Answer 19

complications such as damaged breathing system or brain damage

Question 20

how is measles prevented

Answer 20

children are usually vaccinated against measles when they’re young

Question 21

what are the symtpoms of hiv and what does this signify

Answer 21

a flu-like illness that disappears after 2 weeks
the virus is attacking the patient’s immune system at this point

Question 22

what kind of pathogen is hiv

Answer 22

virus

Question 23

what happens overtime with hiv

Answer 23

the immune system becomes damaged so much that it cant even fight off normal infectons (late stage)

Question 24

what happens to the patient after reaching late stage HIV

Answer 24

they may get infections like tb or even develop cancer
this is known as aids which is often fatal

Question 25

how is hiv spread

Answer 25

through exchanging fluids

Question 26

what drug is used to control hiv how do these work 3 points

Answer 26

antiretroval drugs they stop the virus from multiplying in the patient and the virus wont damage the patients immune system if patients take these they dont develop aids and can have a normal life expectancy

Question 27

what is significant about antiretrovals

Answer 27

antiretrovals is not a cure, patients must take this for the rest of their life

Question 28

what pathogen causes salmonella

Answer 28

bacteria

Question 29

how is salmonella spread

Answer 29

through eating infected food food that was prepared unhygienically

Question 30

the bacteria _ _ which causes symptoms: (4)

Answer 30

the bacteria secretes toxins causing symptoms: fever, abdominal cramps, vomiting, diarrhoea

Question 31

where is salmonella sometimes found

Answer 31

in poultry like chicken

Question 32

how is salmonella prevented in the uk

Answer 32

all chickens in the uk are vaccinated against salmonella, controlling spread of the disease

Question 33

what kind of pathogen is gonorrhoea

Answer 33

bacteria

Question 34

what are symptoms of gonorrhoea (2)

Answer 34

thick yellow or green discharge from penis or vagina pain while urinating

Question 35

how was gonorrhoea treated before and why doesnt it work anymore

Answer 35

with penicillin but gonorrhoea became antibiotic resistant overtime

Question 36

how can the spread of gonorrhoea be controlled

Answer 36

by using condoms, a barrier protection

Question 37

if you have unprotected sex what should you do and why

Answer 37

test yourself for stds/stis so you can be treated before passing it on

Question 38

what kind of pathogen is malaria

Answer 38

protist

Question 39

what are symptoms of malaria

Answer 39

repeated bouts of fever

Question 40

how can we prevent the spread of malaria

Answer 40

by eradicating the mosquito

Question 41

how does the mosquito spread malaria

Answer 41

it is a vector, carrying the disease

Question 42

how can we eradicate mosquitoes

Answer 42

by stoping them from breeding

Question 43

where do mosquitos breed and how do we get rid of this 2 ways

Answer 43

mosquitos breed in still water so we need to drain them or we can spray insecticide around the area to directly kill

Question 44

what 2 ways can we protect ourselves from mosquitos

Answer 44

by preventing bites - sleeping under a net spraying inseticide on the net so mosqusitos landing on them die

Question 45

what causes tobacco mosaic virus - tmv and what does it affect

Answer 45

viruses, it affects plants like tomatos

Question 46

what happens when a plant get tmv - slowing down _

Answer 46

the leaves become discoloured and frm a mosaic pattern slowing down photosynthesis

Question 47

what does rose black spot affect and and what pathogen is it

Answer 47

its fungal and affects plants

Question 48

what happens to plants after getting rose black spot 3 points

Answer 48

leaves gain purple or black spots leaves often turn yellow and fall ff the rate of photosynthesis is reduced and therefore the rate of growth

Question 49

what is rbs spread in

Answer 49

water or wind