testing medicine

Question 1

whar was the heart drug digitalis extracted from in the past

Answer 1

foxglove

Question 2

what was the drug aspirin extracted from in the past

Answer 2

willow trees

Question 3

what 3 things do we need to test when it comes to drugs and

Answer 3

toxicity
efficacy
dosage

Question 4

what is toxicity

Answer 4

how safe it is and if theres any side effects

Question 5

what is efficacy

Answer 5

how effective it is and how well it works

Question 6

what is dosage

Answer 6

how much is needed to be given for best results

Question 7

why is preclinical testing not carried out on humans

Answer 7

because it may be unsafe

Question 8

what happens in the first stage of preclinical trials

Answer 8

computer models, cells and tissues are tested up
this stage is often failed as cells are damaged or it doesnt work

Question 9

what happens in the second stage of preclinical trials

Answer 9

animals are tested upon with a known amount of a substance
side effects are monitored

Question 10

what happens during clinical testing

Answer 10

low doses are given to human volunteers to check if its safe
if safe clinical testing continues to find optimal dose
it is the given to people with the illness to ensure safety and optimal dose

Question 11

what happens during a double blind trial

Answer 11

a test group receive an active drug while placebo control group receive a dummy drug that has no active ingredient

Question 12

do the patients and doctors know who gets the placebo and why

Answer 12

no because this stops bias in case doctors pay attetion more to people receiving the active drug