components of fitness

Question 1

what is the definition of fitness

Answer 1

the ability to meet/ cope with the demands of the environment

Question 2

what is the definition of health

Answer 2

a state of complete emotional, physical and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity

Question 3

describe the relationship between health and fitness

Answer 3

• exercise improves fitness, an increase in fitness will improve performance
• exercise improves all aspects of health (physical, social, emotional)
• if you are not healthy enough to take part in regular exercise your fitness will deteriorate causing your performance to drop. health benefits will not be gained

Question 4

what are the different components of fitness

Answer 4

• agility
• balance
• cardiovascular endurance
• co ordination
• flexibility
• muscular endurance
• reaction time
• strength
• speed
• power

Question 5

define ‘agility’

Answer 5

the ability to move and change direction at speed whilst maintaining control

Question 6

define ‘balance’

Answer 6

the maintenance of the centre of mass over the base of support

Question 7

define ‘cardiovascular endurance’ (aerobic power)

Answer 7

the ability for the heart and lungs to supply oxygen to the working muscles

Question 8

define ‘co ordination’

Answer 8

the ability to use two or more parts of the body together smoothly and efficiently

Question 9

define ‘flexibility’

Answer 9

the range of movement possible at a joint

Question 10

define ‘muscular endurance’

Answer 10

the ability of a muscle or muscle group to undergo repeated contractions avoiding fatigue

Question 11

define ‘reaction time’

Answer 11

the time taken to initiate a response to a stimulus

Question 12

define ‘strength’

Answer 12

the ability to overcome a resistance

Question 13

define ‘speed’

Answer 13

• the maximum rate at which an individual is able to perform a movement or cover a distance over a period of time
• speed = distance / time

Question 14

define ‘power’ (anaerobic power)

Answer 14

• the product of strength and speed
• power = strength x speed

Question 15

what are the different types of strength

Answer 15

• maximal
• dynamic
• explosive
• static

Question 16

define ‘maximal strength’

Answer 16

the largest force possible in a single maximal contraction

Question 17

define ‘dynamic strength’

Answer 17

performing strength activities repeatedly (similar to muscular endurance)

Question 18

define ‘explosive strength’

Answer 18

performing strength activities quickly (similar to power)

Question 19

define ‘static strength’

Answer 19

the ability to hold a body part (limb) in a static position

Question 20

what are the different types of balance

Answer 20

• static
• dynamic

Question 21

define ‘static balance’

Answer 21

keeping the body stable whilst stationary

Question 22

define ‘dynamic balance’

Answer 22

maintaining a controlled and stable position whilst moving

Question 23

what is the fitness test for cardiovascular endurance

Answer 23

multi stage fitness test

Question 24

why do you need cardiovascular endurance
give some sporting examples

Answer 24

• to be able to maintain a high standard of performance throughout the race/ match
• games players, long distance runners/ rowers

Question 25

why do you need muscular endurance give some sporting examples

Answer 25

- need prolonged additional oxygen delivery to the working muscles to repeat muscle contractions over a long period of time without tiring - cyclist (legs), boxing (punching), swimmer (arms and legs)

Question 26

what is the fitness test for muscular endurance

Answer 26

sit up bleep test

Question 27

what is the fitness test for flexibility

Answer 27

sit and reach test

Question 28

why do you need flexibility give some sporting examples

Answer 28

- to be able to get into position without getting injured and to perform complex movements - gymnasts, goal keepers, divers

Question 29

what is the fitness test for reaction time

Answer 29

ruler drop test

Question 30

why do you need reaction time give some sporting examples

Answer 30

- need to react to a stimulus- includes a ball, whistle, starters gun or an opponent - sprinters, badminton players, rugby players

Question 31

what is the fitness test for power

Answer 31

vertical jump test

Question 32

why do you need power give some sporting examples

Answer 32

- to improve performance, strength and speed are needed in sports where you throw jump kick and sprint - shot put, football (kicking), high jump

Question 33

what is the fitness test for speed

Answer 33

30m sprint test

Question 34

why do you need speed give some sporting examples

Answer 34

- to get from one position to another, this may be leg speed to run or arm speed when throwing or hitting - sprinting, badminton, javelin thrower

Question 35

what is the fitness test for agility

Answer 35

illinois agility run

Question 36

why do you need agility give some sporting examples

Answer 36

- to change direction quickly, can be used to evade opponents or move around the court or pitch quickly - rugby side step, tennis, badminton

Question 37

what is the fitness test for balance

Answer 37

stork balance test

Question 38

why do you need balance give some sporting examples

Answer 38

- so they don't fall over, e.g. gymnastics when performing a balance (static) or travelling across the beam (dynamic) - gymnastics, skiing, hammer throw

Question 39

what is the fitness test for coordination

Answer 39

wall toss test

Question 40

why do you need co ordination give some sporting examples

Answer 40

- when they are using two body parts at the same time, it can be used when aiming, or striking/ hitting a ball - tennis, archery, football

Question 41

what are the fitness tests for strength

Answer 41

- hand grip dynamometer - 1 rep max

Question 42

why do you need strength give some sporting examples

Answer 42

- to support weight (static), lifting a weight (maximal), punch (dynamic), throw (explosive) - weight lifting, rugby, gymnastics