short/long term effects of exercise

Question 1

what are the immediate effects of exercise

Answer 1

• getting hot
• getting sweaty
• having red skin
• increased depth and rate of breathing
• increased heart rate

Question 2

explain ‘getting hot’ as an immediate effect of exercise

Answer 2

heat is a by product of energy production, the harder we train, the hotter we get

Question 3

explain ‘getting sweaty’ as an immediate effect of exercise

Answer 3

sweat glands produce sweat to cool you down, sweat evaporating from the surface of your skin removes some body heat

Question 4

explain ‘having red skin’ as an immediate effect of exercise

Answer 4

blood vessels dilate close to the surface of the skin to help you lose heat, this makes you look red

Question 5

explain ‘increased depth and rate of breathing’ as an immediate effect of exercise

Answer 5

this allows more gaseous exchange to occur more quickly, more oxygen can be delivered to the working muscles and more carbon dioxide can be removed

Question 6

explain ‘increased heart rate’ as an immediate effect of exercise

Answer 6

this allows more gases to be transported around the body, oxygen can be delivered to the working muscles and carbon dioxide can be removed

Question 7

what are the short term effects of exercise

Answer 7

• tiredness and fatigue
• light headedness or nausea
• aching muscles/ cramp/ DOMS

Question 8

explain ‘tiredness and fatigue’ as a short term effect of exercise

Answer 8

when we are exercising energy stores are being used up, this will lead to tiredness and fatigue

Question 9

explain ‘light headedness or nausea’ as a short term effect of exercise

Answer 9

when we exercise, we lose fluids, this can lead to dehydration. light headedness and nausea are symptoms of being dehydrated

Question 10

explain ‘aching muscles, cramp and DOMS’ as a short term effect of exercise

Answer 10

• DOMS = delayed onset muscle soreness
• can occur due to micro tears in the muscles from vigorous activity

Question 11

explain ‘cramps’ as a short term effect of exercise

Answer 11

is an involuntary muscular contraction, a cause of cramp is a depletion of energy stores or dehydration and a lack of electrolytes due to sweating

Question 12

when do the immediate effects of exercise occur

Answer 12

during or immediately after exercise

Question 13

when do short term effects of exercise occur

Answer 13

24-36 hours following exercise

Question 14

when do the long term effects of exercise occur

Answer 14

months or years after taking part in training/ exercise

Question 15

what are the long term effects of exercise

Answer 15

• change in body shape
• improved stamina
• increase in size of the heart (cardiac hypertrophy)
• lower resting heart rate (bradycardia)

Question 16

explain ‘change in body shape’ as a long term effect of exercise

Answer 16

can improve performance- an increase in muscle mass will assist in strength and power sports such as sprinting and rugby, a reduction of body fat will assist a long distance runner

Question 17

explain ‘improved stamina’ as a long term effect of exercise

Answer 17

will allow performers to last longer in an activity without getting tired- e.g. performing to a high standard for 90 mins in football

Question 18

explain ‘increase in the size of the heart (cardiac hypertrophy)’ as a long term effect of exercise

Answer 18

will allow more blood pumped per beat (stroke volume) when exercising, this will allow more oxygen to be delivered to the working muscles

Question 19

explain ‘lower resting heart rate (bradycardia)’ as a long term effect of exercise

Answer 19

because the heart can pump more blood per beat it will not have to work as hard at rest, therefore resting heart rate will be lower