Compounds Flashcards
Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table (20 cards)
What happens when elements react?
Atoms combine with other atoms to form compounds.
Define a compound.
Substances formed from two or more elements, with atoms in fixed proportions, held together by chemical bonds.
What is involved in making chemical bonds?
Atoms give away, take, or share electrons.
What is not affected when a bond is made?
The nuclei of the atoms.
How are the original elements of a compound separated?
A chemical reaction is needed.
What type of compound is formed from a metal and a non-metal?
A compound consisting of ions.
What happens to metal atoms in ionic bonding?
They lose electrons to form positive ions.
What happens to non-metal atoms in ionic bonding?
They gain electrons to form negative ions.
What is the attraction between positive and negative ions called?
Ionic bonding.
Provide examples of compounds that are bonded ionically.
- Sodium chloride
- Magnesium oxide
- Calcium oxide
What type of compound is formed from non-metals?
A compound consisting of molecules.
What is covalent bonding?
Atoms share electrons with each other.
Provide examples of compounds that are bonded covalently.
- Hydrogen chloride gas
- Carbon monoxide
- Water
How do the properties of a compound compare to the original elements?
They are usually totally different.
What is an example of a compound formed from iron and sulfur?
Iron sulfide.
What does a formula represent in chemistry?
What atoms are in a compound.
What is the formula for carbon dioxide?
CO2.
What does the formula for sulfuric acid (H2SO4) indicate?
Each molecule contains 2 hydrogen atoms, 1 sulfur atom, and 4 oxygen atoms.
In the formula Ca(OH)2, what does the little number outside the brackets indicate?
It applies to everything inside the brackets.
Provide examples of chemical formulas for Carbon Dioxide, Ammonia , Water , Sodium Chloride , Carbon Monoxide, Calcium Chloride , Sodium Carbonate, Hydrochloric acid, Sulfuric Acid
- Carbon dioxide - CO2
- Ammonia - NH3
- Water - H2O
- Sodium chloride - NaCl
- Carbon monoxide - CO
- Calcium chloride - CaCl2
- Sodium carbonate - Na2CO3
- Hydrochloric acid - HCl
- Sulfuric acid - H2SO4
