States of Matter Flashcards
Bonding, Structure, and Properties of Matter (14 cards)
What are the three states of matter?
Solid, liquid, gas
These states are determined by the forces of attraction between particles.
What factors affect the state of a material?
Material, temperature, pressure
These factors influence the strength of attraction between particles.
Describe the arrangement of particles in solids.
Strong forces of attraction hold particles in fixed positions
This creates a very regular lattice arrangement.
How do solids respond to temperature changes?
Particles vibrate more and expand slightly when heated
Solids maintain a definite shape and volume.
What characterizes the movement of particles in liquids?
Particles are randomly arranged and free to move past each other
Liquids have a definite volume but do not have a definite shape.
How do liquids respond to temperature changes?
Particles move faster and expand slightly when heated
Liquids will flow to fill the bottom of a container.
What describes the forces of attraction in gases?
Very weak forces of attraction
Particles are far apart and move freely.
What happens to gases when they are heated?
Particles move faster, expanding or increasing pressure
Gases do not have a definite shape or volume.
What is particle theory?
A model explaining how particles behave in different states of matter
It considers each particle as a small, solid, inelastic sphere.
What are state symbols in chemical equations?
(s) - solid, (l) - liquid, (g) - gas, (aq) - aqueous
State symbols indicate the physical state of reactants and products.
What does ‘aqueous’ mean?
Dissolved in water
Example: Aqueous hydrochloric acid.
Fill in the blank: In solids, particles vibrate about their positions, causing solids to ______ when heated.
expand slightly
True or False: Gases have a definite shape and volume.
False
Gases will always fill any container.
What is a limitation of particle theory?
It does not accurately represent particles as solid or inelastic spheres
Particles are actually atoms, ions, or molecules.
