Formation of Ions Flashcards
Bonding, Structure, and Properties of Matter (13 cards)
What are ions?
Charged particles that can be single atoms or groups of atoms
Examples include Cl (single atom) and NO (group of atoms)
What is the primary goal of atoms when they form ions?
To achieve a full outer shell like a noble gas
Noble gases have a stable electronic structure
What happens when metals form ions?
They lose electrons from their outer shell to form positive ions
Positive ions are also called cations
What occurs when non-metals form ions?
They gain electrons into their outer shell to form negative ions
Negative ions are also called anions
How is the charge on an ion determined?
It is the same as the number of electrons lost or gained
E.g., losing 2 electrons gives a charge of 2+
Which groups in the periodic table are most likely to form ions?
Groups 1, 2, 6, and 7
Group 8 elements are stable and do not typically form ions
What do Group 1 and Group 2 elements have in common regarding ion formation?
They are metals that lose electrons to form positive ions
Group 1 elements form 1+ ions and Group 2 elements form 2+ ions
What do Group 7 elements do to form ions?
They gain electrons to form negative ions
Group 7 elements form 1- ions
What is the electronic structure of a sodium ion (Na+)?
The same as neon
Na loses 1 electron: Na -> Na+ + e-
What is the electronic structure of a magnesium ion (Mg2+)?
The same as neon
Mg loses 2 electrons: Mg -> Mg2+ + 2e-
What is the electronic structure of a chloride ion (Cl-)?
The same as argon
Cl gains 1 electron: Cl + e- -> Cl-
What is the electronic structure of an oxide ion (O2-)?
The same as neon
O gains 2 electrons: O + 2e- -> O2-
True or False: Elements in the same group of the periodic table have the same number of outer shell electrons.
True
This leads to similar ion formation behavior
