Conduct problems Flashcards
ODD is a pattern of _______, ________ and ________ behaviour
negativistic, defiant, hostile
the symptoms of ODD are categorised along which three dimensions?
- angry/irritable mood
- argumentative/defiant behaviour
- vindictiveness
Children mainly scoring on the angry/irritable dimension are at risk of developing __________ disorders. They have an inability to regulate their negative emotions.
anxiety and depressive
The argumentative/defiant dimension is related to
ADHD, but ODD kids are more mindful of their behaviour
The vindictiveness dimension is associated with
callousness; empathic defects; instrumental aggression
What is reactive aggression vs instrumental aggression?
Reactive aggression = most kids with ODD, think world is a hostile place, react against that with aggression
Instrumental aggression = kids who use aggression as a means of getting what they want
Patterson’s (1982) ________ theory became the dominant causal model of conduct problems
coercion
Coercion theory posits that the causal mechanisms of conduct problems lie in..
the moment-to-moment interactions you had with your parent as a kid
At the moment when the parent stops the battle, gives in, both parties are …
simultaneously rewarded in terms of basic operant theory
- the child is positively reinforced by getting what they want
- parent is negatively reinforced because child’s aggressive escalating behaviour goes away
Patterson said that everyone is both a _____ and an _______ in the system
victim, architect
Failure to establish normative compliance/cooperation in early childhood means that
- coercive behaviour functions as a substitute __________
- enters school with _________ deficits
- entrained coercive exchanges _________ to teachers and peers
social skill
social skills
generalise
Conduct disorder = repetitive and persistent pattern of behaviour in which the _________ of others or other major age-appropriate _________ are violated, as manifested by 3+ of the criteria in past 12 months
basic rights
societal norms or rules
The criteria can be categorised into 4 groups:
- aggression to people and animals
- destruction of property
- deceitfulness or theft
- serious violation of rules
child-onset CD vs adolescent-onset CD?
adolescent-onset type is much more normative and tends to desist in adulthood
- an exaggeration of the normal process of teenage rebellion
child-onset CD
- neurocognitive risk factors
- temperamental/personality risk factors
- coercive parent-child dynamics
CD includes a specifier for __________
limited prosocial emotions
- lack of remorse or guilt
- callous-lack of empathy
- unconcerned about performance
- shallow or deficient affect
High CU kids are insensitive to punishment, don’t pay attention to punishment cues. This also applies to ________ cues. Low CU kids, on the other hand, are _____________ to emotional cues
emotional
overreactive - the more ambiguous the stimulus, the more they react
What is a hostile interpretation bias?
not good at recognising neutrality - as seen in the recognising faces study
High CU were bad at recognising ________ compared to low CU (less activity in the ________)
distress and fear
amygdala
Genetic factors much higher for _____ CU compared to _____ CU
high, low
Think of attachment as a _______. We do things in order to attain attachments with people.
reward
The core of parenting intervention = ___________ attention, i.e.
differential
Reward positive behaviour with attention and attachment-rich style
Negative behaviour: ignore calmly, attachment neutral
Less than ____ of those in need have access to evidence-based treatments
10%
Reward positive behaviour in an ___________, so that behaviour doesn’t ___________.
intermittent unpredictable
extinguish
Time out is a brief period where access to _________ is denied. Time out ends when the child is _________.
reinforcers
quiet and under control
