Contemporary Issues In Physical Activity And Sport (3.2) Flashcards
(24 cards)
What’s deviance
Seriously breaking the rules and norms
Examples of legal supplements
Protein, creatine, nitrates, bicarbonate soda, caffeine, sports drinks
Examples of illegal supplements
Steroids, blood doping, EPO, human growth hormone, beta blockers
Why do performers dope and use drugs
- To Increase Performance
- Pressure from coaches, peers or country/state (Russia 2016)
- Physiological reasons, train harder and recover from injury quicker
- Increased rewards
- Belief that others are doing it (even playing field)
- Belief they won’t get caught
Society consequences of drugs and doping
- Some drugs are illegal in society
- Negative publicity of nation
Sport consequences of doping and drugs
- Scandal / bad publicity
- Negative role modelling
- Meaningless results
Performer consequences of drugs and doping
- Improve Performance
- Money / medals / fame
- Ban and disqualification
- Damage to body (addiction, heart issues, death)
- Damage to mind (depression, mood swings)
What’s commercialisation
Sport and physical activity becomes a private commodity for individuals to profit from
What’s media
An element of the golden triangle
- Aims are to inform, educate, entertain and advertise
Factors leading to commercialisation are
- Growing public interest and spectatorship
- More media interest
- Professionalism
- Advertising
- Sponsorships
Positive and negative impacts of commercialisation of physical activity on society
Positives= -Promotion of a healthy lifestyle
-Participation Increase due to positive role modelling
Negatives= -Some May dislike ‘win at all costs’ ethic that could be linked to violence, corruption, cheating
- Pressure to become professional athlete can lead to deviant behaviour
- Promotes extrinsic rather than intrinsic rewards
Positive and negative impacts of commercialisation of physical activity on individual sports
Positives= -Increased coverage
- Increased financial strength
- New competitions are created
Negatives= -Business becomes priority over sport
- Sports become reliant on the media
- Maximum revenue goes to ‘big sports’ which are usually male dominated
- Smaller sports lag behind
Positive and negative impacts of commercialisation of physical activity on performers
Positives= -Improved facilities from increased revenue
- Role model status
- Earning potential has greatly increased
Negatives= -Experience high level of pressure
- Job security reduced as poor performances can have immediate negative impact
- Playing seasons arguably too long (injuries)
- Media can alter organisation of the sport to suit viewers, rather than considering effect on performers
Positive and negative impacts of commercialisation of physical activity on spectators
Positives= -More opportunity to see top quality sport
- More education and entertainment
- Can become more knowledgable on sport
Negatives= -High cost of tickets (live attendance)
- Some spectators may disagree with sponsorship of their team
- Cost of subscribing to sports channels are costly
- Continuous Games can be tedious
Changes of TV since 1980’s to now
- More coverage in present day
- Increase in technology as sport entertainment
- Less elite sport is free to air
- Protected sports are free to view
- Massive Increase in Sponsorships
- Development of satellite and digital
- More viewer choice
Changes of radio since 1980’s to now
- Introduction of DAB (digital radio, access to channels and local and national radios)
- Dedicated sports stations (Talksport)
- Local radio coverage (live in Manchester and get man uniteds games live)
Changes of written press since 1980’s to now
- Large decline in physical sales, as people have access to the internet
- Online publications is a major change to the way the written press works
- BBC sport homepage is an example of change
- Magazines are still popular (only type of written press that’s still popular now)
Positive and negative effects of media on individual sports
Positives= -More international sport
- Larger audience
- Greater investment, sport can spend more, causing standards of play to go up
- Better facilities, better player development
- Increased popularity, higher participation
- Promotes healthy lifestyle
Negatives= -Inequality, only popular sports shown on TV
- Decrease interest in minority sports
- Loss of tradition
- Lose original format of the sport to entertain viewers
- Lose money from spectators not entering stadium
- Less participation leads to less talent in future’s
Positive and negative effects of media on performers
Positives= -More Income
- More likely to be full time
- Become a role model
- Increased fame
- Comments from media can motivate performers
Negatives= -Loss of privacy
- Suffer Online abuse
- Increase Pressure to win
- Errors highlighted on social media
- Pressure to play whilst injured
Positives and negative effects of media on spectators
Positives= -Frequent access
- International access
- Improved standard of play, more entertaining
- Better stadia
- New rules, more entertaining
Negatives= -Subscription fees
- Disrupted coverage (adverts)
- Spectators turned to consumers
- Quantity of sport can disrupt personal lives
- Rather watch than participate
Relationship between sport and media
- Sport is commercialised, which is where sport becomes a private co,modify for individuals to profit from
- Sponsorships pay the media company and the sport to advertise their business
- The media company pays the sport to broadcast the match/fight etc
- Therefore the sport gains all this income, due to its high demand from spectators, therefore to increase its coverage by the media
- A fan consumes the advert (sponsorship) via the media due to the love of the elite sport
- This is known as the golden triangle
What’s anthropometry
Science of measuring physiological make up (bone density, internal body fat)
Impact of modern technology on elite performance
- Injury diagnosis like MRI scanners
- Injury treatment and rehab like Cryotherapy
- Enhanced training through training aids like hypoxic chambers
- Improved Equipment like more aerodynamic
- Improve Equipment like prosthetics and lighter wheelchairs making sport more accessible
- Player monitoring like GPS to assess performance
- Use video analysis to assess performance
- Facilities like 4G to train everyday no matter weather
Impact of modern technology on general participation
- Access morning activities through hoists, ramps etc
- Information and feedback provides incentive to be motivated to participate
- Some technology makes learning skills fun
- Disabled have adapted wheelchairs and blades
- Sports can be okayed in all weathers due to 4G
- Mass production of sporting equipment give access to more people at affordable prices
